Adiposity and ‘eating in the absence of hunger’ in children

Hill, Claire; Llewellyn, Clare H.; Saxton, Jenny; Webber, Laura; Semmler, Claudia; Carnell, Susan; Jaarsveld, Cornelia H M van; Boniface, David; Wardle, Jane

doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.113

Cited by 118 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The results of this study align with previous work in older children reporting that EAH increases with age 5,6,[9][10][11]15 and is associated with increased adiposity. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The results also align with work in infants showing that parent-reported greater food responsiveness predicts greater prospective weight gain from ages 3 to 15 months. 34 Although older children showed positive affect at food presentation, this positive affect was not associated with greater BMIz at 33 months.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…1 The continued consumption of foods past satiety, referred to as eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), 2 is correlated with greater food responsiveness and enjoyment, and less satiety responsiveness, 3 as well as greater adiposity. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Interventions that reduce responsiveness to food cues [16][17][18] have been shown to reduce EAH, but interventions that increase children's awareness of hunger and satiety cues had no effect. 16 Thus, EAH may primarily reflect food enjoyment and responsiveness as opposed to sensitivity to hunger and satiety cues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating in the Absence of Hunger and Weight Gain in Low-income Toddlers

et al. 2016

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To identify predictors of eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in low-income toddlers, describe affect during EAH, test EAH as a predictor of body mass index (BMI), and examine the type of food eaten as a predictor of BMI.METHODS: EAH, indexed as kilocalories (sweet, salty, and total) of palatable foods consumed after a satiating meal, was measured (n = 209) at ages 21, 27, and 33 months. Child gender, age, race/ethnicity, and previous exposure to the foods; maternal education and depressive symptoms; and family chaos, food insecurity, and structure were obtained via questionnaire. Child and mother BMI were measured. Child affect was coded from videotape. Linear regression was used to examine predictors of EAH and the association of kilocalories consumed and affect with 33 month BMI z-score (BMIz). RESULTS:Predictors of greater total kilocalories included the child being a boy (P < .01), being older (P < .001), and greater maternal education (P < .01). Being in the the top quartile of sweet kilocalories consumed at 27 months and showing negative affect at food removal had higher BMIz (β = 0.29 [95% confidence interval 0.10 to 0.48] and β = 0.34 [95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.56], respectively).There was no association of salty kilocalories consumed or positive affect with BMIz. CONCLUSIONS:There was little evidence that maternal or family characteristics contribute to EAH. EAH for sweet food predicts higher BMIz in toddlerhood. Studies investigating the etiology of EAH and interventions to reduce EAH in early childhood are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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confidence: 99%

Eating in the Absence of Hunger and Weight Gain in Low-income Toddlers

et al. 2016

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“…Indeed, certain studies have found that associations between selfregulatory eating measures and overweight status or obesity risk differ by child sex. 49,50 All analyses used two-tailed significance tests with a ¼ 0.05. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 16, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant temperament and eating style predict change in standardized weight status and obesity risk at 6 years of age

Faith

Hittner

2010

Int J Obes

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Objective: Little research has addressed the relationships among infant temperament, eating styles and obesity risk. To address this gap, we tested whether infant temperament and eating patterns at the age of 1 year are associated with a greater increase in standardized weight status, and greater obesity risk at 6 years of age. Design: A secondary, prospective analysis of the Colorado Adoption Study was conducted. The main predictor variables were infant temperament (that is, emotionality, activity, attention span-persistence, reaction to food and soothability) and eating domains (that is, reactivity to food, predictable appetite and distractability at mealtime) at the age of 1 year, along with the body mass index (BMI) of biological mothers. The outcome measures were child weight and height (length) assessed at ages 1 through 6 years, from which weight-for-length and BMI were computed along with the standardized indexes (z-scores) and percentiles. Overweight/obesity status was computed at each year as well. Participants: A primarily White sample of 262 boys and 225 girls, assessed at ages 1 through 6 years, along with their mothers. Results: Among boys, greater attention span-persistence was associated with reduced standardized weight status gain (b ¼ À0.15, Po0.05) and reduced obesity risk (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 0.46, P ¼ 0.06). Among girls, greater soothability and negative reaction to food were associated with greater standardized weight status gain (b ¼ 0.19, Po0.01; and b ¼ 0.16, Po0.05, respectively) and increased obesity risk (OR ¼ 3.72, P ¼ 0.03; and OR ¼ 2.81, P ¼ 0.08, respectively). Biological mothers' obesity status predicted obesity risk in boys (OR ¼ 3.07, P ¼ 0.01) and girls (OR ¼ 5.94, P ¼ 0.03). Conclusions: Male infants with less attention span, and female infants with greater soothability or a more negative food reaction, showed greater increases in standardized weight and were more likely to be overweight/obese at the age of 6 years. The role of infant temperament in pediatric obesity onset warrants greater research.

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“…Of special interest here is 'eating in the absence of hunger' (EAH). As a behavioral measure of disinhibition, EAH reflects the tendency to consume large amounts of appealing foods in a short time, irrespective of hunger (Hill et al 2008). EAH research is grounded in Schachter's (1968) early findings that obese people are more sensitive than others to food cues in the environment.…”

Section: ___________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

All in the Family? Parental Roles in the Epidemic of Childhood Obesity

2016

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Childhood obesity is a serious global health challenge. Families and consumption are at the nexus of the problem, as childhood weight issues depend significantly on family-related influences (genetic predispositions, physical activities, and household food consumption practices). This article focuses on how a family socializes a child toward or away from obesity. It advances a family consumer socialization framework to characterize key elements and processes.Biological predispositions, parent/family inputs, elements of child development, parent-child interactions, and intergenerational transfer are all major contributors to weight status and life course potentials. Time is also a crucial component, here represented in two forms --linear and cyclical. Drawing on extensive research from other disciplines and related consumer research, five "Foundational Properties" are distilled, representing fundamental tenets underpinning the family's role in this problem. Each property is then used to chart promising opportunities for consumer researchers and others interested in advancing knowledge on this pressing concern.

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Adiposity and ‘eating in the absence of hunger’ in children

Cited by 118 publications

References 28 publications

Eating in the Absence of Hunger and Weight Gain in Low-income Toddlers

Eating in the Absence of Hunger and Weight Gain in Low-income Toddlers

Infant temperament and eating style predict change in standardized weight status and obesity risk at 6 years of age

All in the Family? Parental Roles in the Epidemic of Childhood Obesity

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