Adipose Tissue: Stem Cells and Beyond

Tholpady, Sunil S.; Llull, Ramón; Ogle, Roy C.; Rubin, J. Peter; Futrell, J. William; Katz, Adam J.

doi:10.1016/j.cps.2005.08.004

Cited by 115 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This was an unpurified population containing stromal cells, endothelial progenitor cells, fibroblasts and haematopoietic stem cells, 89 which were used to produce neo-vascular cells. The multipotential mesenchymal precursor cells that are harboured within the SVF may not only be differentiated into adipocytes, [90][91][92] but also bone-forming osteoblasts, 90,93,94 muscle myoblasts, 93,95 cardiomyocytes 96 and cartilage-forming chondrocytes.…”

Section: Adiposity and Insulin Resistance As A Biological Advantagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…121 The differentiation of ADSCs into myocytes is relatively inefficient and gives a low yield and low reproducibility. 89 Glucocorticoids and 5% horse serum are used to supplement the growth media to stimulate the fusion of cells to form multi-nucleated myotubes which express myocyte markers. 90,93,122 Although in vitro differentiation is far from optimal, these cells have been used to correct defects in the tibialis anterior muscle in a mouse model for Duchennes's muscular dystrophy.…”

Section: Adiposity and Insulin Resistance As A Biological Advantagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Once fat was fat and that was that : our changing perspectives on adipose tissue

Ferris

Crowther

2011

CardioVascular Journal of Africa

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Past civilisations saw excess body fat as a symbol of wealth and prosperity as the general population struggled with food shortages and famine. Nowadays it is recognised that obesity is associated with co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Our views on the roll of adipose tissue have also changed, from being solely a passive energy store, to an important endocrine organ that modulates metabolism, immunity and satiety. The relationship between increased visceral adiposity and obesity-related co-morbidities has lead to the recognition that variation in fat distribution contributes to ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity-related diseases. Our current negative view of adipose tissue may change with the use of pluripotent adipose-derived stromal cells, which may lead to future autologous stem cell therapies for bone, muscle, cardiac and cartilage disorders. Here, we briefly review the concepts that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, that differences in body fat distribution underline the aetiology of obesity-related co-morbidities, and the use of adipose-derived stem cells for future therapies.

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Section: Adiposity and Insulin Resistance As A Biological Advantagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adiposity and Insulin Resistance As A Biological Advantagementioning

confidence: 99%

Once fat was fat and that was that : our changing perspectives on adipose tissue

Ferris

Crowther

2011

CardioVascular Journal of Africa

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“…Some investigations have shown that hADMSCs recovered from the SVF are likely to be considered "pericytes" or "perivascular progenitor cells" (Caplan et al, 2008;Crisan et al, 2008;Lin et al, 2008). However, it is still unclear whether or not isolated hADMSCs are truly "pericytes" and from where hADMSCs originate (Locke et al, 2011;Tholpady et al, 2006). Although "pericytes" are fully matured perivascular cells which include contractile filament and basement membrane attached to endothelial, this term has been broadly used to describe perivascular resident cells (Allt et al, 2001;Armulik et al, 2005;Dore-Duffy, 2011;Sims et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Characterization and In Vivo Localization of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Ryu

Cho

Lee

et al. 2013

Molecules and Cells

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Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) are a potential cell source for autologous cell therapy due to their regenerative ability. However, detailed cytological or phenotypic characteristics of these cells are still unclear. Therefore, we determined and compared cell size, morphology, ultrastructure, and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression profiles of isolated hADMSCs and cells located in human adipose tissues. We also characterized the localization of these cells in vivo. Light microscopy examination at low power revealed that hADMSCs acquired a spindle-shaped morphology after four passages. Additionally, high power views showed that these cells had various sizes, nuclear contours, and cytoplasmic textures. To further evaluate cell morphology, transmission electron microscopy was performed. hADMSCs typically had ultrastructural characteristics similar to those of primitive mesenchymal cells including a relatively high nuclear/cytosol ratio, prominent nucleoli, immature cytoplasmic organelles, and numerous filipodia. Some cells contained various numbers of lamellar bodies and lipid droplets. IHC staining demonstrated that PDGFR and CD10 were constitutively expressed in most hADMSCs regardless of passage number but expression levels of α-SMA, CD68, Oct4 and c-kit varied. IHC staining of adipose tissue showed that cells with immunophenotypic characteristics identical to those of hADMSCs were located mainly in the perivascular adventitia not in smooth muscle area. In summary, hADMSCs were found to represent a heterogeneous cell population with primitive mesenchymal cells that were mainly found in the perivascular adventitia. Furthermore, the cell surface markers would be CD10/PDGFR. To obtain defined cell populations for therapeutic purposes, further studies will be required to establish more specific isolation methods.

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“…Fetal stem cells, although they are organ-specific committed cells, are very limited in quantity and cannot be used in autologous transplantations. Adult stem cells can be found in the already developed tissues of the adult organism, including the brain, 4,5 fat, [6][7][8] skin, 9,10 kidney, 11,12 peripheral blood 13,14 and bone marrow. [15][16][17] Their main advantage is their potential use in autologous transplantation without the need for immunosuppressive treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%