Adipose Tissue Protein Glycoxidation is Associated with Weight‐Loss Potential

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to characterize the differences in protein oxidation biomarkers in adipose tissue (AT) as an indicator of AT metabolism and bariatric surgery weight‐loss success. Methods A human model, in which sixty‐five individuals with obesity underwent bariatric surgery, and a diet‐induced obesity animal model, in which animals were treated for 2 months with normocaloric diets, were analyzed to determine the associations between AT protein oxidation and body weight loss. Protein oxidative biomarkers were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in AT from human volunteers before the surgery, as well as 2 months after a diet treatment in the animal model. Results The levels of carboxyethyl‐lysine (CEL) and 2‐succinocystein (2SC) in both visceral and subcutaneous AT before the surgery directly correlated with greater weight loss in both human and animal models. 2SC levels in subcutaneous AT greater than 4.7 × 106 μmol/mol lysine (95% CI: 3.4 × 106 to 6.0 × 106) may predict greater weight loss after bariatric surgery (receiver operating characteristic curve area = 0.8222; P = 0.0047). Additionally, it was observed that individuals with diabetes presented lower levels of CEL and 2SC in subcutaneous AT (P = 0.0266 and P = 0.0316, respectively) compared with individuals without diabetes. Conclusions CEL and 2SC in AT are useful biomarkers of AT metabolism and predict the individual's ability to reduce body weight after bariatric surgery.

Expression of Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix-Related Genes Predicts Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery

“…In addition, Lasselin et al found that the higher VAT gene expression of IL-10 and M1-macrophage markers before BS predicts poorer BMI reduction after surgery [26]. Both VAT and, in particular, SAT levels of protein glycoxidation have also been directly correlated with WL after BS [27]. Notably, in another study performed only on females, baseline UCP2 and PLIN1 expression in SAT were negatively associated with TBWL at 6 months after surgery [28].…”

Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Factors Profile after Dietary Bioactive Compound Weight Reduction Treatments in a Mice Obesity Model

“…Concerning the adipose tissue metabolism, this capacity to reduce body weight could be explained by an improvement in the capacity of glucose metabolism evidenced by higher levels of Irs1 , CEL, and 2SC; and the greater sensitivity to glucose and insulin tolerance tests. This behavior has also been observed in humans, where patients with higher levels of CEL and 2SC in adipose tissue, have a greater capacity for weight reduction after bariatric surgery [11]. About the transcription factors related to mitochondria, based on the PLS-DA analysis soluble fibre treatment was characterized to present the lowest levels of Tfam .…”

“…Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes possibly induced by lipotoxicity results in detrimental effects on its differentiation, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative capacity between others and has been reported to have a strong correlation with metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases [10]. In this context, adipose tissue “healthy” metabolism is a key feature for the success of weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity after bariatric surgery [11]. Nonetheless, the main problem in this context is how to improve the metabolic capacity of adipose tissue of people with obesity that shows an unbalanced metabolism.…”