Adipose tissue of female Wistar rats respond to Ilex paraguariensis treatment after ovariectomy surgery

Abstract

Background and aim Metabolic disturbances are known for their increasing epidemiological importance. Ilex paraguariensis presents a potential option for mitigating lipid metabolism imbalance. However, most of the literature to date has not considered sex bias. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ilex paraguariensis on the metabolism of different adipose tissue depots in males and females. Experimental procedure After ovariectomy, female Wistar rats received daily treatment with the extract (1 g/kg) for forty-five days. Biochemical serum parameters and tissue metabolism were evaluated. Oxidation, lipogenesis and lipolysis were evaluated in brown, white visceral, retroperitoneal and gonadal adipose tissues. Results and conclusion The results showed that treatment with the extract led to a reduced weight gain in ovariectomised females in comparison to control. The triglyceride concentration was decreased in males. Glucose oxidation and lipid synthesis in visceral and retroperitoneal adipose tissues were restored in ovariectomised females after treatment. The response to epinephrine decreased in visceral adipose tissue of control males; however, lipolysis in females did not respond to ovariectomy or treatment. These findings highlight the enormous potential effects of I. paraguariensis on lipid metabolism, modulating lipogenic pathways in females and lipolytic pathways in males. Furthermore, the sex approach applied in this study contributes to more effective screening of the effects of I. paraguariensis bioactive substances.

Technological Prospection and Scientific Innovation of Ilex paraguariensis Saint-Hilaire in the Wound Healing Process

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“…Among the main bioactive compounds found in the plant leaves and branches are chlorogenic acid, xanthines (caffeine and theobromine), caffeic acid, 3,4dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinoic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins [16]. A composition rich in biocompounds results in several therapeutic properties already described, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial [19,20], antidiabetic [21], healing [10,22], antioxidant [23], neuroprotective [15], anxiolytic [12], and antifungal [24] as well as a protective effect on liver cells, central nervous system stimulation, and beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system [12,25].…”