Adipose tissue macrophages in remote modulation of hepatic glucose production

Tao, Yan; Jiang, Quanhong; Wang, Qun

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.998947

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Without insulin, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism balance are completely disrupted. In order for blood glucose homeostasis to be maintained, HGP is regulated by glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis [7]. Accelerated imbalance hepatic gluconeogenesis of DKA is a medical emergency due to insulin de ciency and is the leading cause of death in patients with T1D [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycogenolysis produces glucose through glycogen breakdown. Both processes contribute to HGP during the fasting period [7]. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the process of glycogen generation from noncarbohydrate precursors such as lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and glycogenic amino acids [8,9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyruvate carboxylase transforms from glycolysis into oxaloacetate through decarboxylation catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) to generate phosphoenolpyruvate. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase facilitates the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, while glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) dephosphorylates glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into glucose [7,8,10].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adipose stromal cells increase insulin sensitivity and decrease liver gluconeogenesis in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Lai,

Lee,

Chen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of hyperglycemic emergency caused by insulin deficiency through accelerated liver gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. DKA is most common in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Transplantation of islet cells and pancreas is an alternative to insulin injection for treating T1D. However, this alternative is only suitable for some patients. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells on liver gluconeogenesis and insulin sensitivity in an insulin-dependent T1D animal model. Methods: SVF cells were obtained from wild-type inguinal adipose tissue and transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of type I diabetic Akita (Ins2Akita) mice. Results: We found that transplantation of 5 × 106 SVF cells from wild-type adipose tissue significantly downregulated proinflammatory genes of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-33, iNOS, and DPP4 in the liver and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and FOXP3 in blood serum and liver tissue 7 days after injection. Moreover, we found that the expression levels of G6pc and Pck1 were significantly decreased in the Akita mice livers. Furthermore, the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test assay showed that diabetic Akita mice significantly had increased insulin sensitivity, reduced fasting blood glucose, and restored glucose-responsive C-peptide expression compared with the control Akita group. This result was noted 14 days after administration of 5 × 106 or 1 × 107 SVF cells from wild-type adipose tissue into diabetic Akita mice. Conclusions: Together, these findings suggest that adipose tissue-derived SVF cells could suppress liver inflammation, regulate liver gluconeogenesis, and improve insulin sensitivity in an animal model with T1D. Therefore, adipose SVF cells may be novel cellular therapeutic alternatives to maintain steady liver gluconeogenesis in T1D.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Adipose stromal cells increase insulin sensitivity and decrease liver gluconeogenesis in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Lai,

Lee,

Chen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The multifaceted life of macrophages in white adipose tissue: Immune shift couples with metabolic switch

Wang,

Hartig,

Ballantyne

et al. 2024

Immunological Reviews

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SummaryWhite adipose tissue (WAT) is a vital endocrine organ that regulates energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. In addition to fat cells, WAT harbors macrophages with distinct phenotypes that play crucial roles in immunity and metabolism. Nutrient demands cause macrophages to accumulate in WAT niches, where they remodel the microenvironment and produce beneficial or detrimental effects on systemic metabolism. Given the abundance of macrophages in WAT, this review summarizes the heterogeneity of WAT macrophages in physiological and pathological conditions, including their alterations in quantity, phenotypes, characteristics, and functions during WAT growth and development, as well as healthy or unhealthy expansion. We will discuss the interactions of macrophages with other cell partners in WAT including adipose stem cells, adipocytes, and T cells in the context of various microenvironment niches in lean or obese condition. Finally, we highlight how adipose tissue macrophages merge immunity and metabolic changes to govern energy balance for the organism.

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Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

Gusev

Sarapultsev

2023

IJMS

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Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).

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Adipose tissue macrophages in remote modulation of hepatic glucose production

Cited by 3 publications

References 86 publications

Adipose stromal cells increase insulin sensitivity and decrease liver gluconeogenesis in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Adipose stromal cells increase insulin sensitivity and decrease liver gluconeogenesis in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

The multifaceted life of macrophages in white adipose tissue: Immune shift couples with metabolic switch

Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

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