Adipose tissue lipolysis is increased during  a repeated bout of aerobic exercise

Štich, Vladimír; Glisezinski, Isabelle de; Berlan, Michel; Bülow, Jens; Galitzky, Jean; Harant, I.; Suljkovicova, Hana; Lafontan, Max; Rivière, D.; Crampes, F.

doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1277

Cited by 93 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…97 GH is known to be secreted during the type of exercise for which ANP action was proposed. 95,98 However, GH is a less potent lipolytic agent than catecholamines or ANP; moreover, the timecourse of appearance of the lipid mobilizing effect of GH appears at least 2 hours after intravenous injection of GH. 99 Thus, involvement of GH-related lipolytic effects, if any, cannot account for the acute and short-term lipid mobilization promoted by exercise.…”

Section: Lafontan Et Al Metabolic Role For Atrial Natriuretic Peptidementioning

confidence: 99%

An Unsuspected Metabolic Role for Atrial Natriuretic Peptides

Lafontan

Moro

Sengenès

et al. 2005

ATVB

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Abstract-In normal and obese humans, lipid mobilization and systemic nonesterified fatty acid levels are thought to be acutely controlled by catecholamines (ie, epinephrine and norepinephrine) and insulin. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are known to play a key role in the regulation of salt and water balance and blood pressure homeostasis. They are involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and heart failure. (ATP III). The NCEP definition of the metabolic syndrome includes 3 or more of the following: abdominal obesity, defined as waist circumference Ն102 cm in men and Ͼ88 cm in women; elevated triglyceride concentration Ն150 mg/dL, low HDL cholesterol (Ͻ40 mg/dL in men and Ͻ50 mg/dL in women); elevated fasting plasma glucose level (Ն110 mg/dL); and elevated blood pressure (Ն130/85 mm Hg). 1 The presence of abdominal obesity is more closely associated with the metabolic risk factors than body mass index. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increases with age. Obesity interferes with many metabolic pathways which underlie numerous potential risk factors. It is very difficult to differentiate between the major and minor factors, and some remain to be discovered. 2 This complexity leaves the area open and challenges basic and clinical researchers to uncover novel metabolic pathways. The discovery that cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) control human fat cell function is a provocative observation which reveals an unsuspected link between heart and adipose tissue. NPs exert potent lipolytic effects (eg, stimulation of hydrolysis of triacylglycerols stored in adipocytes) in isolated human fat cells. 3 When administered intravenously, they potently increase plasma glycerol and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels; in other words they stimulate lipid mobilization. 4 Before the discovery of the NP pathway, catecholamines and insulin were considered to be the major acute regulators of lipid mobilization in humans: they both act through a cAMP-dependent regulation of lipolysis. In contrast, NPs activate a 3Ј, 5Ј-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent pathway that is completely independent from the cAMP-dependent pathway. 5 The NPs may represent a promising new pathway contributing to the control of lipid mobilization in humans in physiological and pathological conditions. The introductory section

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Section: Lafontan Et Al Metabolic Role For Atrial Natriuretic Peptidementioning

confidence: 99%

An Unsuspected Metabolic Role for Atrial Natriuretic Peptides

Lafontan

Moro

Sengenès

et al. 2005

ATVB

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“…VO 2max ) does not affect leptin levels in healthy subjects (8,9), but long-term exercise (2 h) leads to a reduction in leptin levels (10,11). It is well established that growth hormone (GH) secretion increases during exercise (12) and depends on exercise intensity (13 -16), duration (17,18), age and training status (19). Whether ghrelin is the main physiologic secretory stimulus of GH is debated: recent evidence suggests that ghrelin is not involved in the exercise-induced stimulation of GH secretion during a submaximal aerobic exercise (20), whereas it has been suggested that the preprandial increase in ghrelin levels drives the GH surge postprandially (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of increased lipid intake on hormonal responses during aerobic exercise in endurance-trained men

Christ¹,

Zehnder²,

Boesch³

et al. 2006

eur j endocrinol

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In view of the growing health problem associated with obesity, clarification of the regulation of energy homeostasis is important. Peripheral signals, such as ghrelin and leptin, have been shown to influence energy homeostasis. Nutrients and physical exercise, in turn, influence hormone levels. Data on the hormonal response to physical exercise (standardized negative energy balance) after high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet with identical carbohydrate intake are currently not available. The aim of the study was to investigate whether a short-term dietary intervention with HF and LF affects ghrelin and leptin levels and their modulators, GH, insulin and cortisol, before and during aerobic exercise. Eleven healthy, endurance-trained male athletes (W max 365^29 W) were investigated twice in a randomized crossover design following two types of diet: 1. LF -0.5 g fat/kg body weight (BW) per day for 2.5 days; 2. HF -0.5 g fat/kg BW per day for 1 day followed by 3.5 g fat/kg BW per day for 1.5 days. After a standardized carbohydrate snack in the morning, metabolites and hormones (GH, ghrelin, leptin, insulin and cortisol) were measured before and at regular intervals throughout a 3-h aerobic exercise test on a cycloergometer at 50% of W max . Diet did not significantly affect GH and cortisol concentrations during exercise but resulted in a significant increase in ghrelin and decrease in leptin concentrations after LF compared with HF diet (area under the curve (AUC) ghrelin LF vs HF: P , 0.03; AUC leptin LF vs HF: P , 0.02, Wilcoxon rank test). These data suggest that acute negative energy balance induced by exercise elicits a hormonal response with opposite changes of ghrelin and leptin. In addition, the hormonal response is modulated by the preceding intake of fat.

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“…White adipose tissue energy needs are relatively small, and most of the substrates taken up by WAT are used to build-up its lipid droplet [26], and ATP needs are largely devoted to this task. Adrenergic stimulation such as that of exercise stimulates both lipolysis and glycolysis (the latter mainly from glycogen stores) [27,28], freeing lactate and protons to the bloodstream [9,24]. Local acidity increases the dissociation of oxyhemoglobin, freeing more oxygen in a tissue which has little need for it (low ATP needs, suffi cient glycolytic-derived ATP, few mitochondria).…”

Section: Blood Flow and Oxygen Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose Tissue Hypoxia, A Conceptual Alometric View

Alemany

2011

J Endocrinol Metab

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Hypoxia is a condition in which there is an insuffi ciency of oxygen for normal cell operation. It is directly related to diminished oxygen supply, usually because of restricted/insuffi cient blood circulation or defective oxygen transport and release. However, in absolute terms, cells in a small size animal may experience hypoxia with an oxygen supply comparable to that of normalcy in larger animals. The question is, essentially, the alometrically-related metabolic rate which translates into the actual individual cell metabolism. Cells in large animals consume less oxygen in vivo than their smaller animal counterparts, but this is not translated into hypoxia in the former. The critical point is not the absolute oxygen supply but the relationship of this to the incorporation of substrates to oxidize. It is the alteration of the ratio between oxidizable substrates and oxygen availability, the factor eliciting the ravages of hypoxia. The normal function of the circulatory system maintains a balanced supply of both terms of the equation; however, substrate oversupply, such as that experienced by adipose tissue in the metabolic syndrome may break the equilibrium, eliciting hypoxia and acidosis, which may derive into infl ammation and further cell and tissue damage.Keywords: Hypoxia; Acidosis; Adipose tissue; Infl ammation; Metabolic syndrome Hipoxia, A Relative TermHypoxia is a transient situation in which a given mass of tissue cells does not receive enough oxygen from the blood vessels, i.e. the arterial (assuming a normal oxygen content) blood fl ow, in ml/kg tissue, is not high enough to supply suffi cient oxygen (and nutrients), as well as to eliminate excess acidity, carbon dioxide and other excreta [1]. However, the amplitude of margin for most cells in this sense is considerable (except perhaps for neurons). Current theories explaining the effect of size on metabolic rate are based, precisely in higher values for blood fl ow across tissues in small versus large animals, with cell structures, vascularization, etc. being intrinsically the same. The relationship of metabolic rate as the 0.75 power of body weight [2] shows that the difference in metabolic rate of a 0.25 kg rat and a 70 kg man is about 1:68. Since the ratio of masses is 1:280, the average rat cell is irrigated roughly fourfold than a human cell. Surprisingly, this large difference does not mean customarily that most human cell had to be hypoxic; but a drop in 75% of oxygen supplied to a rat (i.e. lowering its cells' oxygen supply to human levels) makes them markedly hypoxic and die. The cell structures and oxygen supply may be the same, but there are wide different metabolic consequences derived from organization and, especially, size: size matters. This effect is observed only in vivo, with the cells integrated in a functioning body. Human and rat cells kept in primary tissue cultures do not show signifi cant differences in their consumption of oxygen and substrates; however, if we scale these data to the situation in vivo, the sum of a ...

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Adipose tissue lipolysis is increased during a repeated bout of aerobic exercise

Cited by 93 publications

References 36 publications

An Unsuspected Metabolic Role for Atrial Natriuretic Peptides

An Unsuspected Metabolic Role for Atrial Natriuretic Peptides

The effect of increased lipid intake on hormonal responses during aerobic exercise in endurance-trained men

Adipose Tissue Hypoxia, A Conceptual Alometric View

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