Adipose tissue inflammation and cancer cachexia: Possible role of nuclear transcription factors

Batista, M.; Peres, Sidney Barnabé; McDonald, Meghan E.; Alcântara, Paulo Sérgio Martins de; Oliván, Mireia; Otoch, José Pinhata; Farmer, Stephen R.; Seelaender, Marília

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2011.10.008

Cited by 89 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Loss of muscle and AT mass, anorexia, anaemia and alterations in metabolism are also evident during the development of the disease. In particular, AT catabolism followed by tissue mass depletion (atrophy) and metabolic dysregulation are consistent and prominent findings in CC patients 1, 9, 10, 31, 32. In this aspect, the present study shows adipocyte size reduction in scAT of cachectic cancer patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In an animal model of cachexia, we have shown46 that foam‐cell resembling macrophages are present in the AT. During CC, increased lipolysis has been consistently demonstrated in both patients7, 11 and animal models9, 32 and that might be an important source of lipids to ATMϕs. In tumour‐bearing animals, lipid profile was modulated by the cachectic state in an anatomical region‐related pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cachexia-associated adipose tissue morphological rearrangement in gastrointestinal cancer patients

Batista

Henriques

Neves

et al. 2015

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle

106

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Background and aimsCachexia is a syndrome characterized by marked involuntary loss of body weight. Recently, adipose tissue (AT) wasting has been shown to occur before the appearance of other classical cachexia markers. We investigated the composition and rearrangement of the extracellular matrix, adipocyte morphology and inflammation in the subcutaneous AT (scAT) pad of gastrointestinal cancer patients.MethodsSurgical biopsies for scAT were obtained from gastrointestinal cancer patients, who were signed up into the following groups: cancer cachexia (CC, n = 11), weight‐stable cancer (WSC, n = 9) and weight‐stable control (non‐cancer) (control, n = 7). The stable weight groups were considered as those with no important weight change during the last year and body mass index <25 kg/m2. Subcutaneous AT fibrosis was quantified and characterized by quantitative PCR, histological analysis and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe degree of fibrosis and the distribution and collagen types (I and III) were different in WSC and CC patients. CC patients showed more pronounced fibrosis in comparison with WSC. Infiltrating macrophages surrounding adipocytes and CD3 Ly were found in the fibrotic areas of scAT. Subcutaneous AT fibrotic areas demonstrated increased monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) and Cluster of Differentiation (CD)68 gene expression in cancer patients.ConclusionsOur data indicate architectural modification consisting of fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in scAT as induced by cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer patients. The latter was characterized by the presence of macrophages and lymphocytes, more evident in the fibrotic areas. In addition, increased MCP‐1 and CD68 gene expression in scAT from cancer patients may indicate an important role of these markers in the early phases of cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cachexia-associated adipose tissue morphological rearrangement in gastrointestinal cancer patients

Batista

Henriques

Neves

et al. 2015

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle

106

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“…White adipose tissue is metabolically the most important adipose tissue. It plays a central role in this inflammatory state, expressing proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a and IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 (87). In obesity, there is increased cytokine production in white adipose tissue and then an infiltration of macrophages (88,89).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Undernutrition

Clercq¹,

Groen

Romijn

et al. 2016

Advances in Nutrition

104

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Malnutrition is the result of an inadequate balance between energy intake and energy expenditure that ultimately leads to either obesity or undernutrition. Several factors are associated with the onset and preservation of malnutrition. One of these factors is the gut microbiota, which has been recognized as an important pathophysiologic factor in the development and sustainment of malnutrition. However, to our knowledge, the extent to which the microbiota influences malnutrition has yet to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms via which the gut microbiota may influence energy homeostasis in relation to malnutrition. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic modalities to ameliorate obesity or undernutrition. Adv Nutr 2016;7:1080-9.

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“…Increased resting energy expenditure, mostly secondary to the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines has been long considered a key factor in the pathogenesis of CC. 12,13 However, this concept is controversial because of the observation that metabolic response in cancer may be extremely heterogeneous.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Cancer Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the course of CC, alterations in lipid metabolism are frequent, such as hyperlipidemia. 13,16 Fatty acids and glycerol turnover is increased in cancer patients. The alterations in lipid metabolism are often detectable before the onset of cachexia and body weight loss.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Cancer Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cachexia in Cancer Patients

Garcia¹,

Agulló-Ortuño²

2017

HPMIJ

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Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial complex syndrome characterized by pathophysiological changes that alter body composition, quality of life, morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. CC is characterized by muscle depletion, with or without loss of adipose tissue, which cannot be completely reversed by current treatments. The pathogenesis of CC is multifactorial, including anorexia, metabolic alterations and increased muscle proteolysis. Despite the growing understanding of CC, it is clinically under-recognized and frequently untreated. Identification of patients with pre-cachexia is of crucial importance for effective interventions. Integration of novel biological treatments with nutritional support and physical activity is a very promising strategy for multimodal anticancer therapies.

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Adipose tissue inflammation and cancer cachexia: Possible role of nuclear transcription factors

Cited by 89 publications

References 81 publications

Cachexia-associated adipose tissue morphological rearrangement in gastrointestinal cancer patients

Cachexia-associated adipose tissue morphological rearrangement in gastrointestinal cancer patients

Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Undernutrition

Cachexia in Cancer Patients

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