Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Villa, Jennifer; Pratley, Richard E.

doi:10.1007/s11892-011-0189-8

Cited by 101 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In recent years, attention has centred on determining body composition in PCOS women with different body mass index, quantity and quality of bone mass and (Zborowski et al, 2000;Kirchengast et Huber 2001;Faulds 2003;Puder et al 2005;To and Wong 2005;Toscani et al 2007;Barber et al 2008;Cosar et al 2008;Moran and Teede 2009;Kassanos et al 2010;March et al 2010;Manneras-Holm et al 2011;Villa et al 2011 andFranks 2013). Our study presents analytic results of investigations into body composition and somatotype in lean PCOS women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition of lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Zabulienė

Urbonienė

Tutkuvienė

2013

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine and metabolic disorders in reproductive age women, and it is related to changes in body size, shape and composition. Anthropometric somatotype is a quantitative description of the individual's body shape and composition classified as endomorphy, mesomorphy or ectomorphy. Since PCOS somatotype has never previously been studied, here we evaluate body shape and composition phenomena in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome and assess relationships with metabolic parameters. The study of 20-35 year-old women was carried out at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology at Vilnius University. Standard anthropometric instruments and methods were used, and J. Matiegka's equations calculated skeletal mass, skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscles and internal organs. In addition, Heath -Carter's somatotypes were computed, and the participants' glucose, insulin, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and lipid levels were established. We analysed data from 120 women with a mean age of 27.30 ± 3.68 years. Lean women with PCOS had greater skeletal mass by 0.47 kg (p<0.05, Cohen's d=1.14), greater skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass by 2.79 kg (p<0.05, Cohen's d=6.07) and lower muscle mass by 1.47 kg (p<0.05, Cohen's d=2.84) compared to control women (p<0.05). The mean PCOS somatotype ratio was 4.96-4.38-3.00 (SD 1.50-1.26-1.11). This classified women with PCOS as mesomorphic endomorphs, in contrast to healthy women who were endomorphic mesomorphs. The PCOS subjects' skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue and endomorphy/mesomorphy somatotype positively correlated with insulin levels and the HOMA-IR. It was established that lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome had a mesomorphic endomorph somatotype and higher skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, but less muscle mass than healthy lean women. In addition, skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue positively correlated with insulin level and HOMA-IR in lean PCOS women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition of lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Zabulienė

Urbonienė

Tutkuvienė

2013

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“…It has been demonstrated that the adipose tissue of PCOS has an aberrant morphology and function. In particular, adipocytes from women with PCOS are hypertrophic and there is an impaired activity of the sympathetic system in their abdominal fat (129). Altered morphology and function of the adipose tissue are associated with a reduced adipose tissue vascularisation and a consequent hypoxia that stimulates a local lowgrade inflammation with an increased production of cytokines, chemokines, adipokines (free fatty acid (FFA), leptin, resistin and visfatin) and a decreased production of adiponectin (129).…”

Section: Obesity Body Composition and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement from the European Society of Endocrinology

Conway¹,

Dewailly²,

Diamanti-Kandarakis³

et al. 2014

European Journal of Endocrinology

567

492

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common ovarian disorder associated with androgen excess in women, which justifies the growing interest of endocrinologists. Great efforts have been made in the last 2 decades to define the syndrome. The presence of three different definitions for the diagnosis of PCOS reflects the phenotypic heterogeneity of the syndrome. Major criteria are required for the diagnosis, which in turn identifies different phenotypes according to the combination of different criteria. In addition, the relevant impact of metabolic issues, specifically insulin resistance and obesity, on the pathogenesis of PCOS, and the susceptibility to develop earlier than expected glucose intolerance states, including type 2 diabetes, has supported the notion that these aspects should be considered when defining the PCOS phenotype and planning potential therapeutic strategies in an affected subject. This paper offers a critical endocrine and European perspective on the debate on the definition of PCOS and summarises all major aspects related to aetiological factors, including early life events, potentially involved in the development of the disorder. Diagnostic tools of PCOS are also discussed, with emphasis on the laboratory evaluation of androgens and other potential biomarkers of ovarian and metabolic dysfunctions. We have also paid specific attention to the role of obesity, sleep disorders and neuropsychological aspects of PCOS and on the relevant pathogenetic aspects of cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, we have discussed how to target treatment choices based according to the phenotype and individual patient's needs. Finally, we have suggested potential areas of translational and clinical research for the future with specific emphasis on hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS.

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“…Greater SC and mainly OM mass and adipocyte size have been linked to hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance as well as metabolic comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, decreased glucose tolerance, diabetes, and hypertension (Vázquez-Vela et al 2008). In addition, under metabolic stress, adipose tissue expansion is altered, causing hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia (Villa & Pratley 2011). Adipose hypertrophy is associated with lower number of adipocytes than adipose hyperplasia.…”

Section: Disturbed Adipose Tissue Function In Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue dysfunction, adipokines, and low-grade chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome

Spritzer¹,

Lecke²,

Satler³

et al. 2015

Reproduction

256

206

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a complex condition that affects women of reproductive age, is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and androgen excess. Women with PCOS present higher prevalence of obesity, central adiposity, and dyslipidemia, and face increased risk of type 2 diabetes. PCOS is closely linked to functional derangements in adipose tissue. Adipocytes seem to be prone to hypertrophy when exposed to androgen excess, as experienced by women with PCOS, and both adipose tissue hypertrophy and hyperandrogenism are related to insulin resistance. Hypertrophic adipocytes are more susceptible to inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and release of free fatty acids. Disturbed secretion of adipokines may also impact the pathophysiology of PCOS through their influence on metabolism and on sex steroid secretion. Chronic low-grade inflammation in PCOS is also related to hyperandrogenism and to the hypertrophy of adipocytes, causing compression phenomena in the stromal vessels, leading to adipose tissue hypoperfusion and altered secretion of cytokines. Lifestyle changes are the first-line intervention for reducing metabolic risks in PCOS and the addition of an insulin-sensitizing drug might be required. Nevertheless, there is not sufficient evidence in favor of any specific pharmacologic therapies to directly oppose inflammation. Further studies are warranted to identify an adipokine that could serve as an indirect marker of adipocyte production in PCOS, representing a reliable sign of metabolic alteration in this syndrome.

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Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cited by 101 publications

References 49 publications

Body composition of lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Body composition of lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

The polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement from the European Society of Endocrinology

Adipose tissue dysfunction, adipokines, and low-grade chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome

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