Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed

Mapiye, Cletos; Turner, Thomas L.; Rolland, D. C.; Basarab, J. A.; Baron, Vern S.; McAllister, Tim A.; Block, H. C.; Uttaro, B.; Aalhus, J. L.; Dugan, M. E. R.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2012.10.021

Cited by 35 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…atypical dienes, AD; Nassu et al, 2011). We have also found that adding flaxseed to a red clover silage (RCS)-based diet promotes even greater proportions of PUFA-BHP in total FA with rumenic acid reaching a maximum level of 2.9% in backfat, and vaccenic acid and t11,c15-18:2 reaching maximum levels of 9.5% and 1.9% in kidney fat, respectively (Mapiye et al, 2013b). In a follow-up study, we fed 70 : 30 forage : concentrate diets, with either grass hay or RCS as the forage source, and flaxseed or sunflower seed (SS) as sources of linolenic (18:3n-3) and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Inclusion of sunflower seed and wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles in a red clover silage-based diet enhances steers performance, meat quality and fatty acid profiles

Mapiye

Aalhus

Turner

et al. 2014

Animal

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The current study compared beef production, quality and fatty acid (FA) profiles of yearling steers fed a control diet containing 70 : 30 red clover silage (RCS) : barley-based concentrate, a diet containing 11% sunflower seed (SS) substituted for barley, and diets containing SS with15% or 30% wheat dried distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS). Additions of DDGS were balanced by reductions in RCS and SS to maintain crude fat levels in diets. A total of two pens of eight animals were fed per diet for an average period of 208 days. Relative to the control diet, feeding the SS diet increased ( P < 0.05) average daily gain, final live weight and proportions of total n-6 FA, non-conjugated 18:2 biohydrogenation products (i.e. atypical dienes) with the first double bond at carbon 8 or 9 from the carboxyl end, conjugated linoleic acid isomers with the first double bond from carbon 7 to 10 from the carboxyl end, t-18:1 isomers, and reduced ( P < 0.05) the proportions of total n-3 FA, conjugated linolenic acids, branched-chain FA, odd-chain FA and 16:0. Feeding DDGS-15 and DDGS-30 diets v. the SS diet further increased ( P < 0.05) average daily gains, final live weight, carcass weight, hot dressing percentage, fat thickness, rib-eye muscle area, and improved instrumental and sensory panel meat tenderness. However, in general feeding DGGS-15 or DDGS-30 diets did not change FA proportions relative to feeding the SS diet. Overall, adding SS to a RCS-based diet enhanced muscle proportions of 18:2n-6 biohydrogenation products, and further substitutions of DDGS in the diet improved beef production, and quality while maintaining proportions of potentially functional bioactive FA including vaccenic and rumenic acids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Inclusion of sunflower seed and wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles in a red clover silage-based diet enhances steers performance, meat quality and fatty acid profiles

Mapiye

Aalhus

Turner

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…subcutaneous fat (SCF)) and internal depots (e.g. perineal fat (PRF)) with the greatest propensity to accumulate rumenic and vaccenic acids, respectively (Jiang et al, 2013;Mapiye et al, 2013b;2014b). These differences have important health implications when one examines which depot could be incorporated into meat products such as minced beef.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition of beef steers as affected by diet and fat depot

Mapiye¹,

Vahmani²,

Aalhus³

et al. 2015

SA J. An. Sci.

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Subcutaneous and perirenal fatty acid (FA) profiles were compared in steers fed a control diet (70 : 30 red clover silage (RC) : barley concentrate), a diet with sunflower seed (SS) substituted for barley, and diets with 15% or 30% wheat dried distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS-15 and DDGS-30) substituted for RC and SS. Perirenal fat (PRF) versus subcutaneous fat (SCF) had greater proportions of total saturated FA (SFA) and branched chain FA (BCFA), and lower proportions of total and major cis-monounsaturated FA (c-MUFA). Addition of SS to the diet did not change the proportions of total and major c-MUFA and n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), but led to decreases in the proportions of total and major SFA, BCFA and n-3 PUFA. Progressive substitutions with DDGS led to no further changes in the proportions of total and major SFA and n-3 PUFA, but decreased the proportions of BCFA and c9-16:1, and increased the proportions of c9-18:1 and n-6 PUFA. Feeding SS and DDGS-15 diets yielded the largest proportions of total and major t-18:1 (t11-and t13-/t14-18:1) isomers in PRF and conjugated lineolic acid (CLA) isomers (t7,c9-and t9,c11-18:2) in SCF, but responses were diminished when feeding the DDGS-30 diet. Subcutaneous fat versus PRF from steers fed SS and DGGS diets had larger proportions of non-conjugated 18:2 biohydrogenation products (i.e. atypical dienes) than the control diet. Overall, feeding SS and DDGS-15 diets raised the proportions of t11-18:1 in PRF and c9,t11-18:2 in SCF, which have potential human health benefits, but feeding DDGS-30 was less effective.

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“…Most RA in cattle, however, is synthesized endogenously from VA. Consequently, a strong relationship exists between the VA and RA contents of beef. High variability in VA between and within trials has been found in beef, and this includes analyses at the Lacombe Research and Development Centre for several studies where different ratios of forage and concentrate, with and without oils or oilseeds, were fed (Mapiye et al 2013a(Mapiye et al , 2013c. Attempting to explain differences in results led us to examine two studies where similar flaxseed containing red clover silage-based diets were fed, but different levels of VA were found in beef (Mapiye et al 2013a(Mapiye et al , 2013c.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…High variability in VA between and within trials has been found in beef, and this includes analyses at the Lacombe Research and Development Centre for several studies where different ratios of forage and concentrate, with and without oils or oilseeds, were fed (Mapiye et al 2013a(Mapiye et al , 2013c. Attempting to explain differences in results led us to examine two studies where similar flaxseed containing red clover silage-based diets were fed, but different levels of VA were found in beef (Mapiye et al 2013a(Mapiye et al , 2013c. Anecdotal study observations suggested that in the study where high VA contents were found, there may have been some sorting of components within the total mixed ration (TMR), specifically preferential consumption of concentrate followed by forage.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Diet had significant effects on other trans 18:1 isomers analyzed, but concentrations for these averaged <0.5% of total fatty acids (data not shown). Based on the equation developed by (Mapiye et al 2013b), the percentages of VA in the erythrocytes was predicted to generate perirenal fat VA concentrations In a second trial, Mapiye et al (2013c) fed 15% rolled flaxseed in a red clover silage-based TMR, where some sorting of ingredients occurred, and found 9.5% VA in perirenal fat. The high percentages of VA in erythrocyte fatty acids at 112 d of the present trial may have been achieved by feeding high-quality grass/alfalfa hay along with a more thoroughly processed flaxseed.…”

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Feeding steers hay with extruded flaxseed together or sequentially has a profound effect on erythrocyte trans 11-18:1 (vaccenic acid)

et al. 2016

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Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed

Cited by 35 publications

References 47 publications

Inclusion of sunflower seed and wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles in a red clover silage-based diet enhances steers performance, meat quality and fatty acid profiles

Inclusion of sunflower seed and wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles in a red clover silage-based diet enhances steers performance, meat quality and fatty acid profiles

Fatty acid composition of beef steers as affected by diet and fat depot

Feeding steers hay with extruded flaxseed together or sequentially has a profound effect on erythrocyte trans 11-18:1 (vaccenic acid)

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