Adipose-Tissue and Intestinal Inflammation â€“ Visceral Obesity and Creeping Fat

Kredel, Lea I.; Siegmund, Britta

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00462

Cited by 119 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Obesity has a stark impact on public health, as it is associated with an increase in cardiovascular diseases, severity of asthma and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases 2–4 . The estimated cost for direct obesity-related medical treatment in the US is over $100 billion 5 and this amount is increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity Enhances Allograft Rejection

Molinero

Yin²,

Lei³

et al. 2016

Transplantation

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Background Obesity promotes a state of low-grade inflammation that exacerbates chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. In transplantation, the survival of organs transplanted into obese patients is reduced compared to allografts in lean recipients. However, whether this is due to increased alloimmunity remains to be addressed conclusively. Methods We used a mouse model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and assessed immune responses to allogeneic stimulation in vitro, allogeneic splenocyte immunization in vivo, and allogeneic heart transplantation. Results Our results indicate that HFD altered the composition and phenotype of splenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that led to their enhanced capacity to stimulate T cells. Immunization with allogeneic splenocytes in vivo resulted in increased alloreactivity, as determined by IFNγ production. Moreover, cardiac allograft rejection in HFD mice was modestly accelerated compared to aged-matched control animals fed a low fat diet (LFD), correlating with enhanced alloreactive T cell function. Conclusions Our results highlight the increased alloresponse triggered by HFD-induced obesity and its negative impact on transplant outcome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity Enhances Allograft Rejection

Molinero

Yin²,

Lei³

et al. 2016

Transplantation

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“…Of the several compartments of body fat, visceral adiposity is now well recognized to be the metabolically active fraction 23 , and might be more predictive of the risk of developing IBD than overall obesity as determined by BMI. Patients with IBD have higher visceral fat volumes than those without IBD 24 .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in IBD: epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease course and treatment outcomes

Singh

Dulai

Zarrinpar

et al. 2016

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

293

285

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Incidence of IBD is rising in parallel with overweight and obesity. Contrary to conventional belief, about 15–40% of patients with IBD are obese, which might contribute to the development of IBD. Findings from cross-sectional and retrospective cohort studies are conflicting on the effect of obesity on natural history and course of IBD. Most studies are limited by small sample size, low event rates, non-validated assessment of disease activity and lack robust longitudinal follow-up and have incomplete adjustment for confounding factors. The effect of obesity on the efficacy of IBD-related therapy remains to be studied, though data from other autoimmune diseases suggests that obesity results in suboptimal response to therapy, potentially by promoting rapid clearance of biologic agents leading to low trough concentrations. These data provide a rationale for using weight loss interventions as adjunctive therapy in patients with IBD who are obese. Obesity also makes colorectal surgery technically challenging and might increase the risk of perioperative complications. In this Review, we highlight the existing literature on the epidemiology of obesity in IBD, discuss its plausible role in disease pathogenesis and effect on disease course and treatment response, and identify high-priority areas of future research.

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“…A l t h o u g ha d i p o s et i s s u ei sa b l et oi n c r e a s eT N F -α secretion via leptin, a hormone produced by adipocytes [56], some studies in the literature did not find high levels of TNF-α in the MAT of CD, neither higher levels of IL-1B, IL6, IL8, IL23, and NF-KB activation [21,31,38,57]. Again, on the one hand, a decrease NF-kB pathway activation (d e c re a s e dp I K B / I K Br a t i o )a n di n c re a s e dI L -1 0 expression in MAT of CD patients have been demonstrated, which suggest a possible antiinflammatory role of MAT [21,31].…”

Section: Molecular Characteristics Of the Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mesenteric Adipose Tissue in Crohn’s Disease

Leal¹,

Pascoal²,

Silva³

et al. 2018

Adipose Tissue

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become an increasingly frequent chronic health problem in the last few decades, particularly in developing countries. In young adults, one of the most common forms of IBD is Crohn's disease (CD). CD is a multifactorial genetic disease characterized by a transmural granulomatous inflammation that especially affects the terminal ileum and the colon. As it involves defective inflammatory pathways, the immune adaptive complex, and environmental factors, this disease has periods of remission and recurrence followed by diarrhea, abdominal pain, and malnutrition, which often lead to lumen bowel stenosis associated to multiple fistulas. In addition, the growth of mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) near the affected intestinal area is a hallmark of CD. Evidence linking the development of mesenteric and intestinal alterations in CD is increasing. The aim of this chapter is to address adipose tissue in general, the morphological and functional differences between its compartments, the main characteristics of MAT in CD, and its possible role in the etiopathology of this immune-mediated disease.

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Adipose-Tissue and Intestinal Inflammation â€“ Visceral Obesity and Creeping Fat

Cited by 119 publications

References 154 publications

High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity Enhances Allograft Rejection

High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity Enhances Allograft Rejection

Obesity in IBD: epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease course and treatment outcomes

The Role of Mesenteric Adipose Tissue in Crohn’s Disease

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