Adipose Stem Cell Translational Applications: From Bench-to-Bedside

Abstract

During the last five years, there has been a significantly increasing interest in adult adipose stem cells (ASCs) as a suitable tool for translational medicine applications. The abundant and renewable source of ASCs and the relatively simple procedure for cell isolation are only some of the reasons for this success. Here, we document the advances in the biology and in the innovative biotechnological applications of ASCs. We discuss how the multipotential property boosts ASCs toward mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal differentiation cell lineages and how their character is maintained even if they are combined with gene delivery systems and/or biomaterials, both in vitro and in vivo.

Neurospheres Induced from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as a New Source of Neural Progenitor Cells

“…Human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a common type of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and have been mainly used in regenerative medicine for treating various diseases [1][2][3][4][5][6] including osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis, cartilage or tendon injury, graft-versus-host diseases, chronic kidney diseases, etc. Currently, ADSCs are among the mostly used stem cell sources in the cell transplantation field [7][8][9][10][11] . As of 17 September 2019, there were 994 MSC clinical trials registered at clinicaltrials.org (either completed or recruiting), of which 176 (17.7% of all MSC trials) were using human adipose-derived MSCs.…”

Harnessing the Potential of Stem Cells for Disease Modeling: Progress and Promises

“…Among stem cell types, the most used for disease modeling purposes are adult stem cells (multipotent) [37] and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), because they permit the establishment of more advanced ex vivo models through: (i) Generation of committed/differentiated cell types involved in the disease; (ii) combination with biomaterials to generate a bio-hybrid system for tissue engineering applications; (iii) generation of organoids; and (iv) generation of organs-on-a-chip systems ( Figure 1). Furthermore, the genome editing and gene therapy biotechnologies can be auxiliary tools to achieve the generation of more proficient stem cells disease models ( Figure 1).…”

“…Tissue engineering applies the concepts of engineering and biology to develop scaffold-based systems with the aim of reproducing the structure and the physiological functions of healthy tissues. The use of stem cells and biomaterials allows the generation of ad hoc bio-hybrid systems that represent 3D-models of tissues either for disease modeling (Figure 1) or, after validation, for therapeutic transplantation [14,37,113,114].…”

“…As a matter of fact, the modulation of physical and chemical properties of biomaterials such as architecture, shape, mechanical properties, and surface structure, have been showed to control the biological responses of stem cells (both stemness and differentiation properties) [113,115,116]. Many types of natural or synthetic biomaterials, such as polymers, ceramics, bio-glass, composites, or seldom metals [37,[117][118][119][120][121][122][123], have been combined with different types of stem cells in order to faithfully recapitulate key environmental signals (thus allowing finer cell/tissue models [11,124]) and elucidate complex biological phenomena such as stem cell reprogramming pathways and determination processes [14]. To date, some tissue engineering strategies have already reached the market and are used as personalized therapies.…”

Elaboración de un biodiente: enfoque actual y desafíos

“…En el contexto de las células madre postnatales, es posible aislar éstas células ya sea de tejidos dentarios o no dentarios; entre las fuentes potenciales de células madre mesenquimales de origen no dental se menciona a las células madre del tejido adiposo (ASCs) (19)(20)(21), las células madre de médula ósea (BMSCs). Como fuentes dentales de células madre mesenquimales tenemos aquellas que provienen de dientes maduros o inmaduros (5,15,22), como las células madre que derivan de pulpa dental (DPSCs), células madre de dientes deciduos exfoliados (SHEDs), células madre del ligamento periodontal (PDLSCs), células madre de la papila apical (SCAPs), células madre del folículo dental (DFSCs), células madre progenitoras del germen dental (TGPCs), así como también células madre provenientes de otros tejidos orales y maxilofaciales, como células madre mesenquimales derivadas de encía (GMSCs), células madre del hueso orofacial (BMSCs), células madre del periostio (PSCs) y células madre derivadas de glándulas salivales (SGSCs); diferentes estudios han mostrado que estas células poseen gran potencial en la regeneración de tejidos dentales y periodontales (1,3,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”