Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells suppress of acute rejection in small bowel transplantation

Abstract

Background/Aims:Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) possess immunosuppressive activity and hold promise in autologous cell-based therapies. The aim of this study was to determine whether autologous ADSCs can improve outcomes in the rat small bowel transplantation (SBT) model.Materials and Methods:Allogeneic SBT followed by implantation of autologous ADSCs through the penile vein was conducted in Brown-Norway (BN) donor rats with Lewis (LEW) recipient rats infused with phosphate buffered solution as the control. Allograft and recipient peripheral blood were obtained. We assessed histopathology, apoptosis, cytokines, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). One-way analysis of variance was applied to assess the significance of the data.Results:It was found that ADSCs significantly reduced acute rejection and improved the allograft's survival rate. In addition, there were significantly fewer apoptotic cells in allograft mucosae in the ADSC group in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 were significantly elevated, whereas those of IL-2 and IL-17 levels were significantly reduced in the ADSC group when compared to the control group. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that there were significantly more peripheral Tregs after the infusion of ADSCs.Conclusions:These results demonstrate that implanted autologous ADSCs improve allogeneic small bowel allograft outcomes by attenuating the acute rejection and reducing inflammatory responses.

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“…ADSCs have been demonstrated to possess an intrinsic capacity to alleviate inflammation and immune responses [61], which has been reported in certain cell types, such as natural killer T (NKT) cells [62], regulatory T cells [63], T cells [64], and dendritic cells [65]. Exosomes are thought to have similar immunomodulatory functions to cells by receiving their bioactive paracrine molecules [66] (Fig.…”

Regenerative assisted microsurgery (RAM) and regenerative assisted supermicrosurgery (RASM): the future of microsurgery?

“…Another fundamental aspect related to the use of specific regenerative components is constituted by the possibility of controlling and limiting the inflammatory response resulting from the surgical trauma and the related physio-chemical metabolic stress of the surrounding tissue through a strong modulation of cytokines activity, in particular of IL 6 and IL 6A [ 10 , 11 ]. Furthermore, allotransplantation procedures could strongly benefit from regenerative stimulus to regulate immune response and optimizing long-term postoperative results [ 12 , 13 ].…”