Adipose-Derived Exosomes as Possible Players in the Development of Insulin Resistance

Żbikowski, Arkadiusz; Błachnio-Zabielska, Agnieszka; Galli, M

doi:10.3390/ijms22147427

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…sEV-AT also contributed to bone and soft tissue regeneration in the rat model of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw [ 27 ]. In addition, due to the complex composition of adipose tissue-derived EVs, they may provide many opportunities to modulate the metabolism of distant tissues through the delivery of EVs, for instance, their regulation on endothelial cell vascularization via HIF-1α, Akt, ERK, and SDF-1 [ 35 ]. In the meantime, adipose tissue extract (ATE), the secretome of adipose tissue, has also been studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two cell-free therapeutics derived from adipose tissue: small extracellular vesicles versus conditioned medium

Dai

Zhou

et al. 2022

Stem Cell Res Ther

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Background Cell-free therapy has been inspired as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of traditional stem cell therapy. However, the therapeutic effect between extracellular vesicles and conditioned medium with the same source had not been compared. Our previous studies have shown that both the conditioned medium of adipose tissue (adipose tissue extract, ATE) and its further purification product small extracellular vesicles (sEV-AT) contributed to adipose tissue regeneration. In this study, we aimed to compare the ATE and sEV-AT in composition, inductivity on cells and de novo adipose regenerative potential. Methods The characteristics of sEV-AT and ATE were compared through protein and particle yield, particle size distribution and composition. The inductivity of sEV-AT and ATE on cells were compared through co-culture of sEV-AT or ATE with ASC, HUVEC and RAW264.7 in vitro. The capacity of promoting de novo adipogenesis was compared by implanting the silicone tube containing sEV-AT or ATE subcutaneously in vivo. Results More particles and concentrated particle size distribution were detected in sEV-AT. In turn, more soluble factors and multiple peaks in particle size distribution were detected in ATE. In 1662 common proteins of sEV-AT and ATE, there were 984 (59.2%) proteins enriched twice more in sEV-AT than in ATE. With the prerequisite of equivalent protein concentration, sEV-AT outperformed ATE in promoting proliferation, migration and regeneration potential of cells those contributing adipose tissue regeneration in vitro. Furthermore, sEV-AT expedited the de novo adipose tissue regeneration and angiogenesis at the early stage than ATE in vivo, but sEV-AT and ATE group formed similar neoadipose tissue and new vessels at week 12. Conclusions Our results provided a direct comparison between EV and conditioned medium as cell-free therapeutic strategy. Both sEV and ATE had specific biological signature to facilitate tissue repair. Considering the convenience of extraction and acceptable effect, ATE represented a feasible product of cell-free therapy, providing another option for different situations in clinical application. Furthermore, the complex contents of both sEV-AT and ATE should be studied comprehensively to avoid possible negative effects and to ensure sufficient safety for clinical applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two cell-free therapeutics derived from adipose tissue: small extracellular vesicles versus conditioned medium

Dai

Zhou

et al. 2022

Stem Cell Res Ther

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“…Nutritional stress, especially excessive dietary fats, leads to obesity and insulin resistance. This process is believed to be the result of impaired insulin signal transduction caused by several molecules released from adipose tissue [ 40 , 41 ]. However, not all fatty acids have a negative effect on insulin sensitivity [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Palmitoleic Acid in Regulating Hepatic Gluconeogenesis through SIRT3 in Obese Mice

et al. 2022

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Hepatic gluconeogenesis is a crucial process to maintain glucose level during starvation. However, unabated glucose production in diabetic patients is a major contributor to hyperglycemia. Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid (16:1n7) that is available from dietary sources. Palmitoleic acid exhibits health beneficial effects on diabetes, insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanism by which palmitoleate reduces blood glucose is still unclear. SIRT3 is a key metabolism-regulating NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase. It is known that fasting elevates the expression of SIRT3 in the liver and it regulates many aspects of liver’s response to nutrient deprivation, such as fatty acid oxidation and ketone body formation. However, it is unknown whether SIRT3 also regulates gluconeogenesis. Our study revealed that palmitoleic acid reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and the expression of SIRT3 under high-fat diet conditions. Overexpression of SIRT3 in the liver and hepatocytes enhanced gluconeogenesis. Further study revealed that SIRT3 played a role in enhancing the activities of gluconeogenic enzymes, such as PEPCK, PC, and MDH2. Therefore, our study indicated that under a high-fat diet, palmitoleic acid decreased gluconeogenesis by reducing enzymatic activities of PEPCK, PC, and MDH2 by down-regulating the expression of SIRT3.

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“… 48 , 49 The released exosomes interact with target cells in three ways: (1) fusion of the plasma membrane between target cells and exosomes, (2) the binding of target cell membrane receptors with proteins on the membrane surface of exosomes, and (3) the in vivo transformation of exosomes by target cell endocytosis. 50 The origin and biogenesis of exosomes are mediated by tumour susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (ALIX), endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) protein, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex proteins, and other related substances. However, the specific mechanism underlying the role and function of these related substances in exosome biogenesis requires further investigation.…”

Section: Biogenesis Biological Functions and Isolation Methods Of Exo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges of Exosomes in Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Liu¹,

Huang²,

Huang³

et al. 2022

IJN

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Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, with more than 300,000 cases diagnosed each year, of which oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 90%, with a 5-year survival rate of only 40–60%, and poor prognosis. Exploring new strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer is key to improving the survival rate. Exosomes are nanoscale lipid bilayer membrane vesicles that are secreted by almost all cell types. During the development of oral cancer, exosomes can transport their contents (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc) to target cells and promote or inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of oral cancer cells by influencing the host immune response, drug-resistant metastasis, and tumour angiogenesis. Therefore, exosomes have great potential and advantages as biomarkers for oral cancer diagnosis, and as drug delivery vehicles or targets for oral cancer therapy. In this review, we first describe the biogenesis, biological functions, and isolation methods of exosomes, followed by their relationship with oral cancer. Here, we focused on the potential of exosomes as oral cancer biomarkers, drug carriers, and therapeutic targets. Finally, we provide an insightful discussion of the opportunities and challenges of exosome application in oral cancer diagnosis and treatment, intending to offer new ideas for the clinical management of oral cancer.

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Adipose-Derived Exosomes as Possible Players in the Development of Insulin Resistance

Cited by 24 publications

References 100 publications

Comparison of two cell-free therapeutics derived from adipose tissue: small extracellular vesicles versus conditioned medium

Comparison of two cell-free therapeutics derived from adipose tissue: small extracellular vesicles versus conditioned medium

The Role of Palmitoleic Acid in Regulating Hepatic Gluconeogenesis through SIRT3 in Obese Mice

Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges of Exosomes in Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

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