Adipose-derived and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: a donor-matched comparison

Abstract

BackgroundAdipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been introduced as an alternative to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for cell-based therapy. However, different studies comparing ASCs and BMSCs have shown conflicting results. In fact, harvesting ASCs and BMSCs from different individuals might influence the results, making comparison difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize donor-matched ASCs and BMSCs in order to investigate proliferation, differentiation potential and possible effects of donor variation on these mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).MethodsHuman bone marrow and adipose tissue samples were obtained from nine donors aged 8–14. ASCs and BMSCs were isolated and characterized based on expression of surface markers using flow cytometry. The proliferation up to 21 days was investigated. Multi-lineage differentiation was induced using osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation media. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was monitored and collagen type I formation was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. In vitro multi-potency was studied using tissue-specific stains and lineage-specific gene expression. In addition, the osteogenic lineage was evaluated at protein level.ResultsIsolated ASCs and BMSCs from all donors demonstrated morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of MSCs, with expression of MSCs markers and negative expression of hematopoietic markers. Unlike BMSCs, ASCs showed high expression of CD49d and low expression of Stro-1. In general, ASCs showed significantly higher proliferation and adipogenic capacity with more lipid vesicle formation and expression of the adipogenesis-related genes than BMSCs. In contrast, BMSCs showed significantly higher osteogenic and chondrogenic capacity compared to ASCs. BMSCs had earlier and higher ALP activity, calcium deposition, and expression of the osteogenesis- and chondrogenesis-related genes and the osteogenesis-related protein osteopontin. Proliferation and differentiation capacity of ASCs and BMSCs varied significantly among the donors.ConclusionsASCs and BMSCs showed tissue-specific differentiation abilities, but with significant variation between donors. The similarities and differences in the properties of ASCs and BMSCs should be taken into consideration when planning stem cell-based therapy.

Proteins and Peptides as Important Modifiers of the Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications—A Review

“…Recently, it is considered that adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) constitute a "gold standard" for regenerative medicine [19,22,23]. Given available sources of MSCs, they are mainly isolated from bone marrow (BMSCs) as well as adipose tissue (ASCs) [24][25][26]. The MSCs possess capacity to self-renew and differentiate into various cells, such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, myocytes, and osteoblasts [25,26].…”

“…Given available sources of MSCs, they are mainly isolated from bone marrow (BMSCs) as well as adipose tissue (ASCs) [24][25][26]. The MSCs possess capacity to self-renew and differentiate into various cells, such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, myocytes, and osteoblasts [25,26]. In the ex vivo strategy, including inter alia fabrication of bioactive construct, the isolated cells need suitable support for growth (scaffold) and biological signals (mainly growth factors), which promote their growth, proliferation, and differentiation into desired tissue type [25,[27][28][29].…”

Differential Effector Response of Amnion‐ and Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Inflammation; Implications for Intradiscal Therapy

“…Research has been conducted to compare the differentiation capacity of several MSC sources using established in vitro protocols . Topoluk et al aimed to identify an optimal MSC source for bone and cartilage regeneration by comparing the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity of AM‐ and AD‐MSCs.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Osteoarthritis

“…Similar to our data, they showed that a positive staining for aggrecan was not evident in micromasses made by non-transduced DPSCs. Finally, the absence of aggrecan expression in our study might also have been influenced by inter-donor variability, as for example donor age might impact MSC differentiation [49,50].…”