Adiponectin Levels and the Risk of Hypertension

Abstract

Animal studies and small-controlled studies in humans suggest that adiponectin may regulate blood pressure via brain-mediated and endothelium-mediated mechanisms. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the epidemiologic evidence on plasma adiponectin levels and hypertension in free-living adult population. A systematic search of Medline and EMBASE, up to February 2013, identified 43 non-prospective and 5 prospective studies that included 17,598 adults (8,220 with hypertension; mean age 19–69 years; and mean body mass index 22–38 kg/m2). Two investigators independently extracted data on adiponectin levels by hypertension status and dose-response relationship. We used a random-effects model to compute the weighted mean difference in adiponectin levels between hypertensive and normotensive adults and a 2-stage generalized linear-square methods to compute the odds ratio of hypertension per 1 μg/ml increase in adiponectin. Hypertensive adults had 1.64 μg/ml (95% confidence interval: −2.07, −1.21) lower adiponectin levels than normotensive adults. Every 1 μg/ml increase in adiponectin levels was associated with 6% reduced risk of hypertension (95% confidence interval: 0.92, 0.97). These findings were consistent across study design and characteristics, including age, gender, and body mass index (p>0.05). However, our meta-analysis was limited by unexplained large between-study heterogeneity, a small number of prospective studies, and selective reporting of dose-response data. In conclusion, epidemiologic evidence suggests that plasma adiponectin level is a biomarker and possible mediator in the development of adiposity-related hypertension. The question remains as to adiponectin as a potential therapeutic target and its relationship with other adipokines in blood pressure regulation.

Metabolic Predictors of Change in Vascular Function

“…Pleiotropic effects of adiposity include predisposition toward hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diminished HDL-C, insulin resistance, diffuse fibrosis, altered neurohormonal axes, and volume retention. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] This potent milieu may increase vessel distention, promote fibrosis in large and small blood vessels, and alter vascular tone. However, the longitudinal decline in FPW, Zc, and CPP in those with higher BMI at baseline and the lack of change in pulsatility measures with an increase in BMI over time contrasts strongly with the increase in MAP and CFPWV in those with an increase in BMI over time.…”

Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic and endocrine plasma biomarkers in US women

“…These results were likely due to the limited number of studies that have assessed non-CRP biomarkers as well as to the short durations and small sample sizes of many of the RCTs (7). Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies have shown a clear inverse doseresponse relation between adiponectin and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the associations with coronary artery disease, DIET AND BIOMARKERS OF HEALTH stroke, and hypertension were not as evident (25)(26)(27)(28). Meanwhile, in obese persons, leptin may stimulate vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular smooth-muscle hypertrophy, which may contribute to the development of T2D, hypertension, and atherosclerosis (29).…”

Review: Metabolic Syndrome in Black South African Women

“…57 Adiponectin is an adipose specific -Gradidge and Crowther secretory product that falls with increasing adiposity, 58 via an unknown mechanism. This adipokine is associated with a lower risk of diabetes, 59 hypertension, 60 and dyslipidemia 61 and may therefore be an important role player in the etiology of MetS. Low adiponectin levels were observed to be a strong determinant of MetS risk in African women via the strong negative correlations of serum adiponectin concentrations with triglyceride and glucose levels and a positive correlation with HDL levels.…”