Adiponectin, leptin and IL-1 β in elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the serum levels of adiponectin, leptin and IL-1 β in elderly diabetic patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to examine the associations of these markers with clinical and cognitive parameters. A biochemical evaluation was performed of 62 seniors with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and MCI, and 132 seniors with T2DM but without MCI (controls). Serum leptin and IL-1 β levels were higher and adiponectin concentration was lower in MCI patients than controls. In MCI subjects, adiponectin level was negatively correlated with leptin, IL-1 β levels and BMI. Leptin concentration was correlated with IL-1 β level. Univariate logistic regression models revealed that the factors which increased the likelihood of diagnosis of MCI in elderly patients with T2DM were higher levels of HbA1c, leptin, IL-1 β and triglycerides, as well as lower levels of adiponectin and HDL cholesterol. Similarly, previous CVD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, retinopathy, nephropathy, hypoglycemia, longer duration of diabetes, increased number of co-morbidities, older age, fewer years of formal education were found to be associated with MCI. The multivariable model indicated fewer years of formal education, previous CVD, hypertension, increased number of co-morbidities, higher HbA1c and IL-1 β levels and lower adiponectin level. Elderly diabetic patients with MCI have higher levels of leptin and IL-1 β and lower levels of adiponectin. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the role of these markers in the progression to dementia.

Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Adiponectin in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Two studies reported on low adiponectin levels in T2DM patients who had reduced gray matter volume, hippocampal volume and glucose metabolism, to be consistent with Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiologies [79,82]. Another group reported that T2DM patients with MCI had lowered serum adiponectin levels [83]. Besides human patients, Kurata et al showed the reduction of serum APN levels in APP transgenic mice [84].…”

The role of adiponectin receptors in the regulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus

“…Moreover, adiponectin exerts a protective role in several pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and appears also to promote longevity (Yamauchi & Kadowaki, ). However, after the discovery of adiponectin in human cerebrospinal fluid (Kos et al, ), the adiponectin system gained attention and several clinical studies suggested a role in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression (Leo et al, ; Narita et al, ), cognitive impairment associated with diabetes (Gorska‐Ciebiada et al, ; Masaki et al, ), Alzheimer's disease (Teixeira et al, ), stroke (Sasaki et al, ), multiple sclerosis (Musabak, Demirkaya, Genç, Ilikci, & Odabasi, ) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Mavroconstanti, Halmøy, & Haavik, ). In particular, those studies have all reported lower circulating levels of adiponectin.…”

Preventing Dementia: Shifting Focus Towards Potential Modifiable Risk Factors

“…Epidemiological studies have associated diabetes mellitus with increased risk of dementia. [13][14][15][16] A cohort of 71,433 diabetes mellitus patients followed for 11 years supports this association. 17 Diabetes mellitus can accelerate the conversion of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to dementia.…”