Adiponectin Associates with Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk in Overweight and Obesity Independently of Other Adipokines

Zhang, Yuan; Johansson, Linda; Andersson‐Assarsson, Johanna C.; Taube, Magdalena; Peltonen, Markku; Svensson, Per‐Arne; Herder, Christian; Rudin, Anna; Carlsson, Lena; Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt; Maglio, Cristina

doi:10.3390/jcm10132791

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Obesity is one of the major conditions that gives rise to a myriad of comorbid, inflammation driven, chronic diseases particularly as aging progresses [ 62 , 63 ]. Table 2 illustrates examples of 43 comorbid NCDs for obesity [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. The obese population carries one of the highest risks for multiple future NCDs of any disease-burdened cohort.…”

Section: Two High-impact Examples Of Ncdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome First Medicine in Health and Safety

Dietert

2021

Biomedicines

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Microbiome First Medicine is a suggested 21st century healthcare paradigm that prioritizes the entire human, the human superorganism, beginning with the microbiome. To date, much of medicine has protected and treated patients as if they were a single species. This has resulted in unintended damage to the microbiome and an epidemic of chronic disorders [e.g., noncommunicable diseases and conditions (NCDs)]. Along with NCDs came loss of colonization resistance, increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, and increasing multimorbidity and polypharmacy over the life course. To move toward sustainable healthcare, the human microbiome needs to be front and center. This paper presents microbiome-human physiology from the view of systems biology regulation. It also details the ongoing NCD epidemic including the role of existing drugs and other factors that damage the human microbiome. Examples are provided for two entryway NCDs, asthma and obesity, regarding their extensive network of comorbid NCDs. Finally, the challenges of ensuring safety for the microbiome are detailed. Under Microbiome-First Medicine and considering the importance of keystone bacteria and critical windows of development, changes in even a few microbiota-prioritized medical decisions could make a significant difference in health across the life course.

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Section: Two High-impact Examples Of Ncdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome First Medicine in Health and Safety

Dietert

2021

Biomedicines

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“…The complex and multiple roles of adiponectin include immune regulation and alteration of the microenvironment through regulation of angiogenesis. Some studies reported increased plasma levels of adiponectin in RA patients, which correlated positively with the parameters of disease activity, clinical symptoms, and progression of joint erosions and also correlated with the expression of other mediators involved in inflammation, severity of joint destruction, and response to treatment [ 15 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Other studies have not found elevated plasma adiponectin concentrations in RA patients [ 25 , 26 ], or even a negative correlation between adiponectin concentrations and disease activity parameters [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiponectin Is a Component of the Inflammatory Cascade in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Łączna

Kopytko

Tkacz

et al. 2022

JCM

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Adiponectin is a secretory protein of adipocytes that plays an important role in pathological processes by participation in modulating the immune and inflammatory responses. The pro-inflammatory effect of adiponectin is observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we examined adiponectin plasma levels and the expression of adiponectin in bone marrow tissue samples, synovium samples, and infrapatellar fat pad samples from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and RA. Additionally we examined the expression of adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in synovium samples and infrapatellar fat pad samples from patients with OA and RA. We also assessed the correlations between adiponectin plasma concentrations, adiponectin expression in bone marrow, synovium, infrapatellar fat pad, and plasma levels of selected cytokines. We found increased expression of adiponectin in synovium samples and infrapatellar fat pad samples from patients with RA as compared to patients with OA. There were no statistically significant differences of adiponectin plasma levels and adiponectin expression in bone marrow tissue samples between OA and RA patients. There were no differences in the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 at the mRNA level in synovial tissue and the infrapatellar fat pad between RA and OA patients. However, in immunohistochemical analysis in samples of the synovial membrane from RA patients, we observed very strong expression of adiponectin in intima cells, macrophages, and subintimal fibroblasts, such as synoviocytes, vs. strong expression in OA samples. Very strong expression of adiponectin was also noted in adipocytes of Hoffa’s fat pad of RA patients. Expression of AdipoR1 was stronger in RA tissue samples, while AdipoR2 expression was very similar in both RA and OA samples. Our results showed increased adiponectin expression in the synovial membrane and Hoffa’s pad in RA patients compared to that of OA patients. However, there were no differences in plasma adiponectin concentrations and its expression in bone marrow. The results suggest that adiponectin is a component of the inflammatory cascade that is present in RA. Pro-inflammatory factors enhance the expression of adiponectin, especially in joint tissues—the synovial membrane and Hoffa’s fat pad. In turn, adiponectin also increases the expression of further pro-inflammatory mediators.

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“… 8 It has been reported that leptin may stimulate fibroblast-like cells in RA to produce proinflammatory cytokines. 5 In most studies in literature, leptin levels were reported to be increased in patients with RA; some studies found no significant difference or reduced leptin levels when compared to healthy controls or patients with osteoarthritis. 6 , 8 The positive correlation was found between leptin levels and disease activity score (DAS28) or with C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It has been reported that obesity is the risk factor for RA, and not only for metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. 4,5 On the contrary, high-grade inflammatory activity in the course of RA may be associated with loss of body cell mass and consequently body mass reduction, defined as rheumatoid cachexia. 6 Adipose tissue seems to be the largest endocrine organ that produces high amounts of several biologically active molecules, called adipokines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiponectin and Leptin as Biomarkers of Disease Activity and Metabolic Disorders in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Targońska-Stępniak¹,

Grzechnik²

2022

JIR

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Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by inflammation of multiple joints, resulting in irreversible cartilage and bone destruction. Chronic disease activity may be associated with metabolic disorders and premature atherosclerosis. Adipokines are involved not only in metabolism regulation, but also in inflammatory and immune response. Aim This study is designed to explore relationships between adipokines (adiponectin, leptin) and metabolic parameters, as well as disease activity, in patients with chronic RA. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 109 patients with RA. The clinical assessment was performed including tender and swollen joint counts, Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), body mass index (BMI). The following laboratory parameters were performed: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, glucose, lipid profile, creatinine. Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The mean adiponectin and leptin serum concentrations remained within normal ranges. Both, adiponectin and leptin levels were not associated with current disease activity markers (clinical and laboratory), and type of treatment. Significant relationships were found between adipokines and metabolic parameters, as well as with coexistent conditions and RA characteristics. Higher leptin levels were noticed in patients with hypertension. In the multiple linear regression analysis, correlations were confirmed. Adiponectin was positively correlated with HDL-C (b = 0.37, p < 0.001), age (b = 0.39, p < 0.001), and negatively with glucose (b = −0.17, p = 0.03). Leptin was positively correlated with BMI (b = 0.58, p < 0.001), and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (b = −0.30, p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study show the value of adipokines as indicators of metabolic disorders, rather than inflammatory markers in patients with chronic RA, treated with immunosuppressive or biological drugs. High leptin level may indicate poor prognostic factors, kidney and cardiovascular complications. Adiponectin seems to be protective against metabolic disorders in chronic RA.

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Adiponectin Associates with Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk in Overweight and Obesity Independently of Other Adipokines

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Microbiome First Medicine in Health and Safety

Microbiome First Medicine in Health and Safety

Adiponectin Is a Component of the Inflammatory Cascade in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Adiponectin and Leptin as Biomarkers of Disease Activity and Metabolic Disorders in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

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