Adiponectin and lipoprotein metabolism

Abstract

Adiponectin is secreted by the adipose tissue and it has been shown to be down-regulated in states of insulin resistance and in cardiovascular disease. It has also been found to be correlated with various parameters of lipoprotein metabolism, and in particular, it is associated with the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides; adiponectin appears to induce an increase in serum HDL, and conversely, HDL can up-regulate adiponectin levels, and in addition, adiponectin lowers serum triglycerides through enhancement of the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Studies investigating whether adiponectin is causally linked with lipoprotein metabolism have yielded conflicting data, and the mechanisms underlying the interplay between adiponectin and lipoproteins remain to be elucidated. The adiponectin-HDL relationship can explain at least in part the presumed protective role of adiponectin in cardiovascular disease and the adiponectin changes observed after dieting, exercise and lipid-lowering treatment. Statins, fibrates, niacin and n-3 fatty acids may influence circulating adiponectin levels, indicating that adiponectin may mediate some of the metabolic effects of these agents. Further studies to investigate more thoroughly the role of adiponectin in lipoprotein metabolism in the human setting should be carefully planned, focusing on causality and the possible impact of adiponectin on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.

The role of adiponectin in renal physiology and development of albuminuria

“…However, causality studies investigating the possible direct influence of HDL on renal function and development of albuminuria are lacking. There is a bidirectional causal relationship between HDL and adiponectin (HDL induces adiponectin production and vice versa) recently described by our study group and a well-known positive relationship between HDL-C and circulating adiponectin (Christou & Kiortsis 2013). Thus, a possible mechanism explaining, at least in part, the prognostic value of high HDL-C against development of albuminuria is that HDL-C may constitute a marker of the renoprotective effects of adiponectin.…”

“…Moreover, fenofibrate has been reported to increase adiponectin expression in adipose tissue and serum adiponectin levels through PPARa activation and HDL elevation (Christou & Kiortsis 2013). Thus, the fenofibrate-induced elevation of serum adiponectin levels may contribute to the concomitant decrease in UAE, because of the renoprotective effects of adiponectin.…”

“…Longterm diets have been shown to increase serum adiponectin levels (Christou & Kiortsis 2013), indicating a possible role of adiponectin on mediating, at least in part, the weight loss-induced changes of UAE. There is a study mentioning that the change in serum adiponectin levels over 1 year of diet was not significantly correlated with the change in ACR .…”

Elevated Plasma miR-29a Levels Are Associated with Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Atherosclerosis Patients

“…Probably due to the small sample size, APN was found only significantly associated with triglyceride levels. A previous study showed that APN could lower serum triglycerides through enhancement of the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (Christou and Kiortsis 2013). Furthermore, statins were found to raise APN levels as well as decrease the cIMT mainly by improving the lipid profile, and suppression of miR29 will decrease hepatic cholesterol synthesis (Phillips and Kung 2010;Chrusciel et al 2016).…”

Longitudinal trajectories of adiponectin and HDL-C levels over a 3-year survey within the anti-aging health checkup system at Tokai University Tokyo Hospital

“…The favorable metabolic action of adiponectin is mediated by alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism. Particularly in lipoprotein metabolism, adiponectin is positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and negatively associated with triglycerides [1][2][3] .…”