Adiponectin and Its Role in Inflammatory Process of Obesity

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic, low degree systemic inflammatory status. Microarray examination shows a disturbance in the expression of cytokine, chemokine, complementary protein and half of the other acute phase components in obese patients. Adiponectin is the hormone that increases insulin sensitivity, while its level decreases under condition of fatty tissue enlargement that occurs in obesity. Excessive weight causes the adipocyte cells and adipose tissues produce various types of mediators. The inflammatory process is the main cause of metabolic diseases, and the main role of adipose tissue in the inflammatory process is determined by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin works on macrophage and monocyte to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine and increase the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonists. Adiponectin reduces induction of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 endothelial adhesion by TNF-α or resistin. In obese patients, it is characterized by resistance to adiponectin alongside a decrease and the possibility of adiponectin loss in the receptor population in liver and muscles, leading to low adiponectin level.Keywords: adiponectin, obesity, inflammation

Hepatoprotective Effect of Bee Bread in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Rats: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

“…The adipocytokines secreted by the adipocytes including adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, resistin and plasminogen activator 1 (PAI-1) control appetite, insulin sensitivity and inflammation; hence, they play their role in the MAFLD’s pathogenesis and its development to NASH [ 25 ]. An elevation in adiponectin level has been connected with the inhibitions of hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance as well as exerting its hepatoprotective actions by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the expressions of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonists [ 68 , 69 ]. This study also demonstrated a marked decrease in the level of serum adiponectin in the HFD group compared with the NC group.…”

Food Consumption and Metabolic Risks in Young University Students

“…The prevalence and health impacts of obesity-related diseases are on the rise, doubling in more than 70 countries between the years of 1980 and 2015, and global estimates indicate that 604 million adults are obese [ 1 ]. Obesity is associated with immune responses that lead to a systemic low-grade proinflammatory state derived from an increase in adipocytes, loss of balance with immune cells, and the release of cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), which decreases adiponectin secretion [ 2 , 3 ]. In obesity, the IL-6 concentration increases, which decreases the sensitivity to insulin and increases glucose absorption in peripheral tissues [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], causing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases [ 7 ] and diabetes mellitus 2 [ 8 , 9 ].…”

AGL9: A Novel Hepatoprotective Peptide from the Larvae of Edible Insects Alleviates Obesity-Induced Hepatic Inflammation by Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling

“…A previous study showed that reducing TC, TG, and LDL levels can effectively alleviate NAFLD [ 24 ]. Adiponectin is a cytokine expressed and secreted by adipose tissue and that exerts anti-inflammatory effects, increases fatty acid β-oxidation, and reduces lipid accumulation in liver cells [ 25 ]. In the present study, we found that AGL9 administration substantially decreased adiponectin levels and rescued the NAFLD phenotype, suggesting its potential as a treatment strategy for lipid-metabolism disorders.…”