Adiponectin and endothelial markers in postmenopausal women taking oral or transdermal hormone therapy

Abstract

Reduced levels of soluble E-selectin in women using menopausal hormone therapy could lead to reduction in the intensity of expression of the adhesion factors on the surface of the vascular endothelium. Menopausal hormone therapy might have advantageous effects on vascular endothelial function through adiponectin. Transdermal therapy may have adverse effects associated with elevated tissue activator plasminogen antigen levels and thereby the higher risk of ischemic heart disease.

The relationship between gut and adipose hormones, and reproduction

“…This lack of effect of more prolonged estrogen treatment on adiponectin levels in women has been confirmed elsewhere (Nishizawa et al, 2002;Ibanez and de Zeghe, 2004;Sumino et al, 2004). In contrast, increases (Chu et al, 2006a, b;Ruszkowska et al, 2013) as well as decreases (Im et al, 2006) in adiponectin levels in post-menopausal women have been observed after prolonged estradiol administration. Hence, further investigation is needed to clarify the relationship between sex steroids and circulating adiponectin levels.…”

Estrogen: A master regulator of bioenergetic systems in the brain and body

“…As with leptin and ghrelin, and effect of HT on adiponectin is varied, likely because of different HT formulations in different populations. Several studies show increased adiponectin levels in women taking HT (Christodoulakos et al, 2008; Ruszkowska et al, 2013), whereas one study reported decreased adiponectin levels with HT (Im et al, 2006). …”