Adiponecrosis E Frigore.

Haxthausen, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1941.tb10506.x

Cited by 127 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In 1941, the term “adiponecrosis e frigore” was used by Haxthausen for sores, which occurred due to exposure to exceeding cold (49). During the period between 1940 and 1970, case reports showed gradual fat reduction in the lower cheeks of children who suck on a popsicle and the effect was known as “popsicle panniculitis” (5, 50).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Mechanisms and Effects of Noninvasive Body Contouring Devices on Cellulite and Subcutaneous Fat

Alizadeh

Halabchi

Mazaheri

et al. 2016

Int J Endocrinol Metab

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ContextToday, different kinds of non-invasive body contouring modalities, including cryolipolysis, radiofrequency (RF), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are available for reducing the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue or cellulite. Each procedure has distinct mechanisms for stimulating apoptosis or necrosis adipose tissue. In addition to the mentioned techniques, some investigations are underway for analyzing the efficacy of other techniques such as whole body vibration (WBV) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT). In the present review the mechanisms, effects and side effects of the mentioned methods have been discussed. The effect of these devices on cellulite or subcutaneous fat reduction has been assessed.Evidence AcquisitionWe searched pubmed, google scholar and the cochrane databases for systemic reviews, review articles, meta-analysis and randomized clinical trials up to February 2015. The keywords were subcutaneous fat, cellulite, obesity, noninvasive body contouring, cryolipolysis, RF, LLLT, HIFU, ESWT and WBV with full names and abbreviations.ResultsWe included seven reviews and 66 original articles in the present narrative review. Most of them were applied on normal weight or overweight participants (body mass index < 30 kg/m2) in both genders with broad range of ages (18 to 50 years on average). In the original articles, the numbers of included methods were: 10 HIFU, 13 RF, 22 cryolipolysis, 11 LLLT, 5 ESWT and 4 WBV therapies. Six of the articles evaluated combination therapies and seven compared the effects of different devices.ConclusionsSome of the noninvasive body contouring devices in animal and human studies such as cryolipolysis, RF, LLLT and HIFU showed statistical significant effects on body contouring, removing unwanted fat and cellulite in some body areas. However, the clinical effects are mild to moderate, for example 2 - 4 cm circumference reduction as a sign of subcutaneous fat reduction during total treatment sessions. Overall, there is no definitive noninvasive treatment method for cellulite. Additionally, due to the methodological differences in the existing evidence, comparing the techniques is difficult.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Mechanisms and Effects of Noninvasive Body Contouring Devices on Cellulite and Subcutaneous Fat

Alizadeh

Halabchi

Mazaheri

et al. 2016

Int J Endocrinol Metab

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“…In comparison, equestrian cases sampled at different times after cold exposure show inflammation principally in the dermis with foci of extension into subcutaneous fat tissue, with 5 of 16 cases (31%) showing fat necrosis . Ice popsicle panniculitis may represent an acute injury to cold in which the fat becomes the predominant target of injury resulting in a lobular panniculitis with fat necrosis, whereas chilblain may represent a subacute injury that requires a longer duration of exposure to cold temperatures higher than the freezing point, and affects predominantly the epidermis and dermis . With the limitations of few reported cases, time of biopsy and depth of biopsy, whether cold panniculitis and equestrian chilblain are distinct entities or share overlapping features along a spectrum of cold‐induced skin injury remain to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equestrian chilblain: another outdoor recreational hazard

Yang

Schwartz²,

Divers³

et al. 2013

J Cutan Pathol

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Herein, we describe two cases and review 14 cases of equestrian chilblain or 'equestrian cold panniculitis' in the literature. The first, a 23-year-old healthy female horse trainer, presented with burning nodular swelling on her lateral thighs. The second was a 34-year-old healthy woman with recurrent nodular eruption on the lateral thighs after horseback riding in the winter. Physical examination of both patients revealed erythematous to violaceous nodules with eczema craquelé-like changes. Laboratory workup for systemic and autoimmune connective tissue disease was negative. Punch biopsies from both patients showed a superficial and deep perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrate with focal extension into the subcutaneous fat. Parakeratosis, subtle spongiosis and increased pandermal interstitial mucin were also present. Previously reported cases generally showed a similar clinical course and similar histopathologic findings. In contrast, our cases revealed increased pandermal interstitial mucin, resembling tumid lupus erythematosus. We aim to better characterize the histopathologic findings of equestrian chilblain and discuss its relationship to other cold-induced skin injuries and autoimmune connective tissue disease, namely lupus erythematosus.

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“…It was first noted in the German pediatric literature with reports of subcutaneous nodules after application of ice cubes in infants younger than 6 months of age (1). Haxthausen further reported subcutaneous nodules of the cheeks and chin in young children after intense cold weather exposure that, upon biopsy, revealed necrosis and a lymphocytic inflammation of the subcutaneous fat septae (2). Epstein and Oren coined the term “popsicle panniculitis” after reporting similar findings in a 6‐month‐old child secondary to eating a popsicle 2 days before presentation (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%