Adipokines and cardiovascular disease: A comprehensive review

Smékal, Aleš; Václavík, J.

doi:10.5507/bp.2017.002

Cited by 85 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…34,35 VAT produces a more proinflammatory cytokine profile and possesses a higher adipokine secretion ability than SAT. 6,36 Consistent with previous studies, we found that more exosomes were released by VAT compared with subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, we observed that the biological functions of AT-exosomes vary with the type of AT from which the exosomes are derived.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In addition, visceral fat but not subcutaneous fat has been reported to contain more macrophages, T lymphocytes, and mast cells in patients with coronary artery disease . VAT produces a more proinflammatory cytokine profile and possesses a higher adipokine secretion ability than SAT . Consistent with previous studies, we found that more exosomes were released by VAT compared with subcutaneous fat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The endocrine function of fat tissue provides crucial clues to the mechanisms linking obese AT with atherosclerosis. It was reported that adipokines and cytokines from accumulated visceral fat play an important role in atherogenesis by influencing lipid and glucose metabolism and by directly affecting vascular function in the context of obesity . However, the mode of communication between AT and atherosclerosis remains to be further explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipose‐Derived Exosomes Exert Proatherogenic Effects by Regulating Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Polarization

Xie

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

JAHA

140

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BackgroundObesity is causally associated with atherosclerosis, and adipose tissue (AT)–derived exosomes may be implicated in the metabolic complications of obesity. However, the precise role of AT‐exosomes in atherogenesis remains unclear. We herein aimed to assess the effect of AT‐exosomes on macrophage foam cell formation and polarization and subsequent atherosclerosis development.Methods and ResultsFour types of exosomes isolated from the supernatants of ex vivo subcutaneous AT and visceral AT (VAT) explants that were derived from wild‐type mice and high‐fat diet (HFD)–induced obese mice were effectively taken up by RAW264.7 macrophages. Both treatment with wild‐type VAT exosomes and HFD‐VAT exosomes, but not subcutaneous AT exosomes, markedly facilitated macrophage foam cell generation through the downregulation of ATP‐binding cassette transporter (ABCA1 and ABCG1)–mediated cholesterol efflux. Decreased expression of liver X receptor‐α was also observed. Among the 4 types of exosomes, only HFD‐VAT exosomes significantly induced M1 phenotype transition and proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6) secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages, which was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of NF‐κB‐p65 but not the cellular expression of NF‐κB‐p65 or IκB‐α. Furthermore, systematic intravenous injection of HFD‐VAT exosomes profoundly exacerbated atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E–deficient mice, as indicated by the M1 marker (CD16/32 and inducible nitric oxide synthase)–positive areas and the Oil Red O/Sudan IV–stained area, without affecting the plasma lipid profile and body weight.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a proatherosclerotic role for HFD‐VAT exosomes, which is exerted by regulating macrophage foam cell formation and polarization, indicating a novel link between AT and atherosclerosis in the context of obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adipose‐Derived Exosomes Exert Proatherogenic Effects by Regulating Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Polarization

Xie

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

JAHA

140

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“…The relevant mechanisms of indexes and epicardial fat volume may be the following: i) Both adiponectin and chemerin can be produced by epicardial adipose tissue. The accumulation of epicardial fat in patients after CAD will cause the release of a large number of inflammatory factors and adipocyte factors, promoting CAD (24). ii) VEGF is an angiogenic growth factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between adiponectin, chemerin, vascular endothelial growth factor and epicardial fat volume in patients with coronary artery disease

Chen

et al. 2019

Exp Ther Med

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Epicardial fat, a local visceral fat depot surrounded by visceral pericardial sac, surrounds the coronary arteries for most of their course and may contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis by local production of inflammatory cytokines. Some studies on non-invasive measurement of epicardial fat mass have shown that epicardial fat mass is associated with the increased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), onset and progression of coronary plaque, mainly including major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. In the present study the correlation of adiponectin, chemerin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with the epicardial fat volume in patients with coronary artery disease was explored, and the risk factors for vascular remodeling of CAD patients were analyzed.

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“…Most adipokines have negative cardiovascular effects but there are a few adipokines with clearly proven positive cardioprotective influence (anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic) such as adiponectin, omentin-1 and apelin [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma levels and leucocyte RNA expression of adipokines in young patients with coronary artery disease, in metabolic syndrome and healthy controls

et al. 2019

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Adipokines and cardiovascular disease: A comprehensive review

Cited by 85 publications

References 113 publications

Adipose‐Derived Exosomes Exert Proatherogenic Effects by Regulating Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Polarization

Adipose‐Derived Exosomes Exert Proatherogenic Effects by Regulating Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Polarization

Correlation between adiponectin, chemerin, vascular endothelial growth factor and epicardial fat volume in patients with coronary artery disease

Plasma levels and leucocyte RNA expression of adipokines in young patients with coronary artery disease, in metabolic syndrome and healthy controls

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