Adipokine gene transcription level in adipose tissue of runt piglets

Ramsay, T.G.; Stoll, M. J.; Caperna, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.09.006

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Leptin supplementation partially corrected the runt phenotype (normalising food intake and post-natal growth and reducing the increased adiposity) and normalised the development of organs involved in metabolic regulation. Ramsay et al (2010) reported differences between early neonatal runt piglets and control piglets in respect of leptin mRNA levels in s.c. adipose tissue on day 1 (runts ,controls) and in perirenal adipose tissue on day 7 (runts . controls) but levels of many other adipokine mRNAs were also differentially affected.…”

Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In pigs, decades of intensive genetic selection has brought larger litters but more very low birth weight pigs (,1 kg) and higher within-litter birth weight variation (Morise et al, 2008). Very low birth weight pigs (runts) account for 10% to 15% of littermates with mortality statistics typically between 9% and 12% of all neonates (Ramsay et al, 2010), but as high as 50%. Leptin and its receptor mRNAs are detectable in s.c. fat in neonatal pigs (Chen and Heiman, 2000) suggesting that piglet survival and performance might be influenced by leptin and it may be significant that Litten et al (2008) gave leptin i.v.…”

Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptin in farm animals: where are we and where can we go?

Wylie

2011

Animal

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Fat affects meat quality, value and production efficiency as well as providing energy reserves for pregnancy and lactation in farm livestock. Leptin, the adipocyte product of the obese (ob) gene, was quickly seen as a predictor of body fat content in animals approaching slaughter and an aid to assessing reproductive readiness in females. Its participation in inflammation and immune responses that help animals survive infection and trauma has clear additional relevance to meat and milk production. Furthermore, almost a decade of discoveries of nucleotide polymorphisms in the leptin and leptin receptor genes has suggested useful applications relating to feed intake regulation, the efficiency of feed use, the composition of growth, the timing of puberty, mammogenesis and mammary gland function and fertility in cattle, pigs and poultry. The current review attempts to summarise where research has taken us in each of these aspects and speculates on where future research might lead.Keywords: leptin, farm animals, production efficiency, fat, body composition ImplicationsLeptin has not yet delivered the initial expectations of animal scientists eager for a robust and reliable marker of body and carcase fat in farm livestock, but its close association with fat and fat deposition continue to cast it as a potential aid for enhancing production efficiency, reproductive success and immune function. Polymorphisms in the leptin and leptin receptor genes provide powerful additional tools for enhanced selection to meet aspirations for increased global animal production within an overarching need to contain and reduce environmental impacts. IntroductionFat is important in all livestock production as it affects product quality and production efficiency and provides the energy reserves for pregnancy and lactation. The discovery of the obese (ob) gene and its product leptin (Zhang et al., 1994;Halaas et al., 1995) and their links to body fat (Frederich et al., 1995;Maffei et al., 1995) excited animal scientists, who quickly saw potential for leptin as a predictor of body composition in animals approaching slaughter and of reproductive readiness in females (Hossner, 1998). Its involvement in inflammation and in the immune responses that help animals survive infection and trauma, also has clear relevance and attention turned to using leptin, directly or indirectly, to influence production characteristics with feed intake, body composition, puberty, mammary gland function, immune response and the reproductive pathway all possible targets. Associations of production traits with polymorphisms in the leptin and leptin receptor genes pointed to additional applications.Among the many reviews of leptin, those by ), Baile et al. (2000, Ingvartsen and Boisclair (2001), Chilliard et al. (2005) and Barb et al. (2006) stand out as most relevant to livestock with Williams et al. (2002), Barb and Kraeling (2004), Barb et al. (2005) and Zieba et al. (2005) emphasising its involvement in reproduction. Those by Ahima and Flier (2000) and Harris (200...

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Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin in farm animals: where are we and where can we go?

Wylie

2011

Animal

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“…However, adiponectin mRNA abundance is increased with dietary restriction [31] [32], while it was depressed in this study, suggesting intake was not reduced in slow growing pigs. In addition, the runt pig has a poor growth rate and suffers from an inability to compete for nutrition with its much larger littermates, yet no differences in the expression of any of these three genes was observed at 21 days of age between runt and normal growing littermates [11]. Unfortunately, dietary intake was not measured in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Recent work has demonstrated that intrauterine growth retardation and the inherent stress susceptibility resulting from IUGR can affect adipokine gene expression in preweaning piglets [11]. Thus, the adipokines within the neonatal adipose tissue can respond to the changing physiological demands or condition of the animal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow Growing Pre-Weaning Piglets Have Altered Adipokine Gene Expression

Ramsay¹,

Stoll²,

Caperna³

2014

OJAS

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Growth rate affects adipose tissue development and variations in growth rate may potentially impact adipokine expression. Samples of subcutaneous (SQ) and perirenal (PR) adipose tissues and longissimus muscle were collected at day 21 of age from the fastest and slowest growing piglets within seven litters. Reverse transcription and real-time PCR were used to quantify adipokine mRNA abundance. Leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA abundance were lower in SQ from slow growing piglets (SGP) than in fast growing piglets (FGP, P < 0.05). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and TNFα gene expression were reduced in PR from SGP in comparison to FGP (P < 0.05). Interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL15 and LPL were increased in the longissimus of SGP relative to FGP (P < 0.05). Analysis of mRNA abundance for these adipokines within adipose tissue at day 21 of age demonstrated that the effect of growth rate on adipokine expression varies among different adipokines and the internal and external sites of adipose tissue deposition (PR versus SQ). The increase in longissimus expression of LPL and IL15 suggests that nutrient partitioning for energy use may be greater in the skeletal muscle of the SGP.

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“…All primer sets were designed to span an intron as previously described and utilized for real-time PCR (Ramsay and Azain, 2007;Ramsay and Caperna, 2009;Ramsay et al, 2010). The following primers were used for generating a 180-base amplicon corresponding to a portion of the TNF coding sequence: 5 0 -CCCCTCTGAAAAAGACACCA-3 0 (forward), 5 0 -TCGAAGTGCAGTAGGCAGAA-3 0 (reverse).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl-β-cyclodextrin alters adipokine gene expression and glucose metabolism in swine adipose tissue

Ramsay

Blomberg²,

Caperna³

2013

Animal

Self Cite

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This study was designed to determine whether methyl-b-cyclodextrin (MCD) can substitute for albumin in incubation medium for neonatal swine adipose tissue explants, or whether MCD affects metabolism and cytokine expression. Subcutaneous adipose tissue explants (100 6 10 mg) were prepared from 21-day-old pigs. Explants were incubated in medium 199 supplemented with 25 mM HEPES, 1.0 nM insulin at 378C. The medium also contained bovine serum albumin (BSA) or MCD at 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.3%. Tissue explants were treated with these media for 1 h and then switched to the same basal incubation medium containing 0.05% BSA. Explants were removed from basal medium at 2 or 8 h of incubation, and real-time PCR was performed to assess expression of tumor necrosis a (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL6), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACAC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). Alternatively, rates of 14 C-glucose oxidation and lipogenesis were monitored 6 insulin (100 nM), following MCD treatment. Incubation with BSA had minimal effects on gene expression or adipose tissue metabolism, only producing a doubling in TNF mRNA abundance ( P , 0.01). Treatment with MCD increased TNF mRNA abundance by eightfold ( P , 0.009), whereas IL6 gene expression increased a 100-fold ( P , 0.001) with a suppression in ACAC and FASN expression ( P , 0.01). This was paralleled by MCD inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation and lipogenesis ( P , 0.001). Addition of a TNF antibody to the incubation medium alleviated this inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism by ,30% ( P , 0.05).

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Adipokine gene transcription level in adipose tissue of runt piglets

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

Leptin in farm animals: where are we and where can we go?

Leptin in farm animals: where are we and where can we go?

Slow Growing Pre-Weaning Piglets Have Altered Adipokine Gene Expression

Methyl-β-cyclodextrin alters adipokine gene expression and glucose metabolism in swine adipose tissue

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