Adipogenic activity in sera from obese children before and after weight reduction

Abstract

The adipogenic and mitogenic potentials of sera obtained from obese children before and after weight reduction and from lean control subjects were studied in clonal 3T3 L1 fibroblasts. The sera from the lean (n = 14) and obese (n = 12) children under habitual diet contained similar adipogenic activity. However, when the obese children underwent a weight-reduction program for 3 wk (600 kcal/d), the potential of their sera to stimulate glycero-phosphate dehydrogenase, an index of adipogenic activity, was significantly reduced by 32% (p less than 0.01). Similarly, the mitogenic activity of these sera decreased significantly (202 +/- 15 vs 231 +/- 27 micrograms per dish, p less than 0.01). Testing pooled sera from the different groups in cultured rat adipocyte precursor cells gave similar results. This study suggests that human childhood-onset obesity is not accompanied by increased circulatory factors involved in the formation of new fat cells. The adipogenic and mitogenic activity of sera from obese children may be influenced by long-term dietary restriction.

Long-Term Consequences of Early Feeding on Later Obesity Risk

“…Indeed, infants fed formula had far greater postprandial levels of insulin on day 6 of life than infants fed cow's milk-based formula [43]. High insulin and IGF-1 values can enhance both growth during the first 2 years of life [44,45] as well as adipogenic activity and adipocyte differentiation [46] (fig. 4).…”

Developmental origins of obesity: Early feeding environments, infant growth, and the intestinal microbiome

“…According this “early protein hypothesis,” higher protein intakes during formula and complementary feeding, when intake is two to four times higher than requirements, program more rapid growth and later obesity by enhancing insulin and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐1) secretion. These higher levels would, in turn, enhance growth (Hoppe et al,2004) by up‐regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation (Hauner et al,1989).…”

Impact of Maternal Physical Activity and Infant Feeding Practices on Infant Weight Gain and Adiposity

“…Koletzko and colleagues demonstrated that infants given formula with high protein content compared to infants given formula with low protein content resulted in increased weight at 2 years of age with no effect on infant length [53]. It is thought that the higher protein consumption results in higher insulin secretion and stimulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), leading to more adipogenic activity and adipocyte differentiation [54, 55]. Additionally, behavioural differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants may affect infant energy intake.…”