Adipogenesis: A Necessary but Harmful Strategy

Hafidi, Mohammed El; Buelna‐Chontal, Mabel; Sánchez‐Muñoz, Fausto; Carbó, Roxana

doi:10.3390/ijms20153657

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…Theoretically, this might be due to lipolysis and/ or the cardiodepressive effect of released free fatty acids (FFA) and its associated cardiotoxicity. However, in our population, there was a decrease in serum triglycerides [23]. An explanation for this could be the release of lipid droplets (LDs) which can become cardiotoxic [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Improvement of Cardiac Function After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Morbidly Obese Patients Without Cardiac History Measured by Cardiac MRI

et al. 2020

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Purpose Metabolic syndrome in patients with morbid obesity causes a higher cardiovascular morbidity, eventually leading to left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard modality for treatment of morbid obesity and might even lead to improved cardiac function. Our objective is to investigate whether cardiac function in patients with morbid obesity improves after RYGB. Materials and Methods In this single center pilot study, 15 patients with an uneventful cardiac history who underwent RYGB were included from May 2015 to March 2016. Cardiac function was measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), performed preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperative. LVEF and myocardial mass and cardiac output were measured. Results A total of 13 patients without decreased LVEF preoperative completed follow-up (mean age 37, 48.0 ± 8.8). There was a significant decrease of cardiac output 12 months postoperative (8.3 ± 1.8 preoperative vs. 6.8 ± 1.8 after 12 months, P = 0.001). Average myocardial mass declined by 15.2% (P < 0.001). After correction for body surface area (BSA), this appeared to be nonsignificant (P = 0.36). There was a significant improvement of LVEF/BSA at 6 and 12 months postoperative (26.2 ± 4.1 preoperative vs. 28.4 ± 3.4 and 29.2 ± 3.6 respectively, both P = 0.002). Additionally, there was a significant improvement of stroke volume/BSA 12 months after surgery (45.8 ± 8.0 vs. 51.9 ± 10.7, P = 0.033). Conclusion RYGB in patients with morbid obesity with uneventful history of cardiac disease leads to improvement of cardiac function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Improvement of Cardiac Function After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Morbidly Obese Patients Without Cardiac History Measured by Cardiac MRI

et al. 2020

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“…These results, together with the increased accumulation of lipids and release of leptin and adiponectin, suggest that these cells differentiated into adipocytes. It is known that adipogenesis is a healthier process than hypertrophy of adipocytes [ 18 , 49 , 50 ]; however, adipogenesis can lead to inflammation and the release of dangerous FFAs [ 51 ]. We observed that even though the CM derived from obese AT induces adipogenesis, these cells are able to secrete increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and leptin in a TLR4-dependent manner, showing that the CM derived from obese AT induces inflammation in preadipocytes, which remains even after differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese Adipose Tissue Secretion Induces Inflammation in Preadipocytes: Role of Toll-Like Receptor-4

et al. 2020

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In obesity, the dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) releases increased levels of proinflammatory adipokines such as TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β and free fatty acids (FFAs), characterizing a chronic, low-grade inflammation. Whilst FFAs and proinflammatory adipokines are known to elicit an inflammatory response within AT, their relative influence upon preadipocytes, the precursors of mature adipocytes, is yet to be determined. Our results demonstrated that the conditioned medium (CM) derived from obese AT was rich in FFAs, which guided us to evaluate the role of TLR4 in the induction of inflammation in preadipocytes. We observed that CM derived from obese AT increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and NF-ĸB nuclear translocation together with IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β in 3T3-L1 cells in a TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, TLR4 signaling was involved in the increased expression of C/EBPα together with the release of leptin, adiponectin, and proinflammatory mediators, in response to the CM derived from obese AT. Our results suggest that obese AT milieu secretes lipokines, which act in a combined paracrine/autocrine manner, inducing inflammation in preadipocytes via TLR4 and ROS, thus creating a paracrine loop that facilitates the differentiation of adipocytes with a proinflammatory profile.

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“…Surplus triacylglycerols, sterols, and sterol esters are enclosed by the PL monolayer and create lipid droplets. The size and number of lipid droplet distribution is linked to obesity [28].…”

Section: Fatty Acids (Fa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids and Lipid-Processing Pathways in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Marković

Ben‐Shabat

Aponick

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The aim of this work is to analyze relevant endogenous lipid processing pathways, in the context of the impact that lipids have on drug absorption, their therapeutic use, and utilization in drug delivery. Lipids may serve as biomarkers of some diseases, but they can also provide endogenous therapeutic effects for certain pathological conditions. Current uses and possible clinical benefits of various lipids (fatty acids, steroids, triglycerides, and phospholipids) in cancer, infectious, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases are presented. Lipids can also be conjugated to a drug molecule, accomplishing numerous potential benefits, one being the improved treatment effect, due to joined influence of the lipid carrier and the drug moiety. In addition, such conjugates have increased lipophilicity relative to the parent drug. This leads to improved drug pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, the ability to join endogenous lipid pathways and achieve drug targeting to the lymphatics, inflamed tissues in certain autoimmune diseases, or enable overcoming different barriers in the body. Altogether, novel mechanisms of the lipid role in diseases are constantly discovered, and new ways to exploit these mechanisms for the optimal drug design that would advance different drug delivery/therapy aspects are continuously emerging.

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Adipogenesis: A Necessary but Harmful Strategy

Cited by 52 publications

References 220 publications

Improvement of Cardiac Function After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Morbidly Obese Patients Without Cardiac History Measured by Cardiac MRI

Improvement of Cardiac Function After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Morbidly Obese Patients Without Cardiac History Measured by Cardiac MRI

Obese Adipose Tissue Secretion Induces Inflammation in Preadipocytes: Role of Toll-Like Receptor-4

Lipids and Lipid-Processing Pathways in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

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