Adipocytokines, Hepatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes. The CoLaus Study

Abstract

ContextThere is contradictory information regarding the prognostic importance of adipocytokines, hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The objective was to assess the prognostic relevance of adipocytokine and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein – CRP; interleukin-1beta – IL-1β; interleukin-6– IL-6; tumour necrosis factor-α – TNF-α; leptin and adiponectin) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) on the incidence of type 2 diabetes.MethodsProspective, population-based study including 3,842 non-diabetic participants (43.3% men, age range 35 to 75 years), followed for an average of 5.5 years (2003–2008). The endpoint was the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.Results208 participants (5.4%, 66 women) developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up. On univariate analysis, participants who developed type 2 diabetes had significantly higher baseline levels of IL-6, CRP, leptin and γGT, and lower levels of adiponectin than participants who remained free of type 2 diabetes. After adjusting for a validated type 2 diabetes risk score, only the associations with adiponectin: Odds Ratio and (95% confidence interval): 0.97 (0.64–1.47), 0.84 (0.55–1.30) and 0.64 (0.40–1.03) for the second, third and forth gender-specific quartiles respectively, remained significant (P-value for trend = 0.05). Adding each marker to a validated type 2 diabetes risk score (including age, family history of type 2 diabetes, height, waist circumference, resting heart rate, presence of hypertension, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose and serum uric acid) did not improve the area under the ROC or the net reclassification index; similar findings were obtained when the markers were combined, when the markers were used as continuous (log-transformed) variables or when gender-specific quartiles were used.ConclusionDecreased adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk for incident type 2 diabetes, but they seem to add little information regarding the risk of developing type 2 diabetes to a validated risk score.

Biomarkers of subclinical inflammation and increases in glycaemia, insulin resistance and beta-cell function in non-diabetic individuals: the Whitehall II study

“…Based on experimental data and other epidemiological studies, cytokines such as IL1β (32,33,34), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (35,36) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (37,38) and chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2) (39,40) undoubtedly represent interesting candidates because of their impact on insulin sensitivity and/or beta-cell function. However, circulating levels of IL1β are below the limit of detection for a large proportion of individuals in population-based studies with currently available assays, and experimental data on TNFα and insulin resistance do not appear to be translated into an association between circulating levels of this protein and risk of type 2 diabetes in cohort studies (41,42). Data on most other inflammation-related biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes are based on only one or very few cohorts, so that further studies on their relevance both for early deterioration of glucose metabolism and for the manifestation of type 2 diabetes would be important.…”

Associations between mood, anxiety or substance use disorders and inflammatory markers after adjustment for multiple covariates in a population-based study

“…Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a (Dowlati et al, 2010;Mota et al, 2013) induce the production of acute-phase proteins including the Creactive protein (CRP) (Maes et al, 1997), which is a common marker of underlying low-grade inflammation (Ford and Erlinger, 2004). Cytokines and the CRP have been found to be associated with CVRFs such as diabetes (Marques-Vidal et al, 2012a), overweight (Marques-Vidal et al, 2012b) and smoking (Yanbaeva et al, 2007), as well as with several mental disorders.…”

Role of Microbiota in Regulating Host Lipid Metabolism and Disease Risk

“…By contrast, Clostridium species correlated negatively with fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide, and plasma TG and positively with adiponectin and HDL. These correlations are relevant for T2D because high TG and low HDL levels are components of the dyslipidemia typically found in T2D, and reduced levels of adiponectin have been reported in people at risk of T2D [ 85 ]. Interestingly, the authors developed a mathematical model based on metagenomic clusters (MGC) to test whether the microbiota composition can identify diabetes status.…”