Adipocytokine Profile Reveals Resistin Forming a Prognostic-Related Cytokine Network in the Acute Phase of Sepsis

Abstract

Introduction: Cytokines compose a network and play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and prognosis of sepsis. Adipose tissue is an important immune endocrine organ that releases adipocytokines. This study aimed to evaluate adipocytokines in sepsis from a network perspective. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study of 37 patients with sepsis and 12 healthy controls was conducted from February 2014 to July 2015. Blood samples were collected from patients on days 1 (within 24 h of diagnosis), 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 15 and from healthy controls. Adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, visfatin, vaspin, CXCL-12/SDF-1, angiotensinogen), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, TNF-a, monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP-1]), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were measured. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was evaluated on day 1, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) and International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scores were assessed at the times of blood sampling. Results: Hierarchical clustering analysis showed the cluster formed by resistin, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and IL-10 on days 1, 2, and 4 represented the cytokine network throughout the acute phase of sepsis. Each cytokine in this network was significantly associated with SOFA and JAAM DIC scores over the acute phase. A Cox proportional hazards model focusing on the acute phase showed a significant relation of these five cytokines with patient prognosis. Conclusions: Adipocytokines and an inflammatory cytokine profile assessed over time in sepsis patients showed that resistin was involved in an inflammatory cytokine network including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and MCP-1 in the acute phase of sepsis, and this network was associated with severity and prognosis of sepsis.

Resistin Forms A Network With Inflammatory Cytokines And Endothelial Damage Markers And Provides Prognostic And Therapeutic Information For COVID-19

“…In the present study, the resistin gene expression in whole blood cells was elevated, suggesting that these cells were responsible for the production of resistin in COVID-19 patients. Resistin is reported to play a role as a pro-in ammatory cytokine [24] and to be related to the pathogeneses of cardiovascular disease [25], cancer [26] and sepsis [13,14,27]. In the present study, COVID-19 patients showed increased plasma resistin levels (although these levels were lower than those in sepsis patients) and resistin, cytokines and endothelial damage markers formed a network.…”

“…In vitro, resistin has been shown to induce the nuclear translocation of NF-kB transcription factors in macrophages and to lead to the increased expression of several pro-in ammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α, in both mice and humans [28]. In a study of sepsis patients, resistin was reported to compose a strong network with IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 during the acute phase, and that network was reported to be related to the severity and prognosis of sepsis [14]. Second, resistin directly activates vascular endothelial cells.…”

“…Resistin levels are reported to be increased in septic subjects and to be associated with severity and prognosis [13]. Another study reported that resistin is involved in an in ammatory cytokine network that includes interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in the acute phase of sepsis and that this network is associated with the severity and prognosis of sepsis [14].…”

Cytokines and Vascular Mediators Fingerprints Based on Interaction Networks in Kidney Transplanted and Non-Transplanted Moderately Ill COVID-19 Patients

“…In the last step, we re ned our analysis by seeking the correlation-based networks of cytokines and vascular mediators. It is well known that the levels of several cytokines can predict the clinical course, severity, and prognosis of different in ammatory diseases, mainly in the acute phase of sepsis [29][30][31][32] .…”

Circulating Chemerin and Its Kinetics May Be a Useful Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis: A Prospective Study

“…Various adipokines, i.e., hormones derived mainly from the adipose tissue, exert immunomodulatory actions, being implicated in the inflammatory response during sepsis [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Previous studies have highlighted that circulating adipokines are altered during sepsis in critically ill patients and may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”