Adipocyte Heterogeneity Underlying Adipose Tissue Functions

Loureiro, Zinger Yang; Solivan-Rivera, Javier; Corvera, Silvia

doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab138

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Consistent with these studies we observed that larger 3T3-L1 adipocytes were less insulin-sensitive than their smaller counterparts. Cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes therefore exhibit some of the properties associated with cell size that have been identified in primary cells which also exhibit a wide range of size heterogeneity (values between 20 and 300 μm were reported for human adipocytes 25,54,[57][58][59] ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

GLUT4 translocation and dispersal operate in multiple cell types and are negatively correlated with cell size in adipocytes

Koester

Geiser

Bowman

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The regulated translocation of the glucose transporter, GLUT4, to the surface of adipocytes and muscle is a key action of insulin. This is underpinned by the delivery and fusion of GLUT4-containing vesicles with the plasma membrane. Recent studies have revealed that a further action of insulin is to mediate the dispersal of GLUT4 molecules away from the site of GLUT4 vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. Although shown in adipocytes, whether insulin-stimulated dispersal occurs in other cells and/or is exhibited by other proteins remains a matter of debate. Here we show that insulin stimulates GLUT4 dispersal in the plasma membrane of adipocytes, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells, suggesting that this phenomenon is specific to GLUT4 expressed in all cell types. By contrast, insulin-stimulated dispersal of TfR was not observed in HeLa cells, suggesting that the mechanism may be unique to GLUT4. Consistent with dispersal being an important physiological mechanism, we observed that insulin-stimulated GLUT4 dispersal is reduced under conditions of insulin resistance. Adipocytes of different sizes have been shown to exhibit distinct metabolic properties: larger adipocytes exhibit reduced insulin-stimulated glucose transport compared to smaller cells. Here we show that both GLUT4 delivery to the plasma membrane and GLUT4 dispersal are reduced in larger adipocytes, supporting the hypothesis that larger adipocytes are refractory to insulin challenge compared to their smaller counterparts, even within a supposedly homogeneous population of cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

GLUT4 translocation and dispersal operate in multiple cell types and are negatively correlated with cell size in adipocytes

Koester

Geiser

Bowman

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Based on single-cell or -nucleus sequencing, multiple adipocyte subtypes were recently reported ( 298 , 299 ), opening the avenue to co-cultures with dedicated subpopulations depending on the cell-cell communications to be explored within adipose tissues or with distal organs ( 300 ). In addition, a renewed interest for the ECM: composition, physics and function ( 301 ) paves the way to the culture of fat cells or progenitors with autologous ECM, in vivo or in vitro derived ( 302 ).…”

Section: New Approaches To Specific Analysis Of Tissue Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the crosstalk between adipose, muscle and bone tissues in fish

et al. 2023

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Control of tissue metabolism and growth involves interactions between organs, tissues, and cell types, mediated by cytokines or direct communication through cellular exchanges. Indeed, over the past decades, many peptides produced by adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and bone named adipokines, myokines and osteokines respectively, have been identified in mammals playing key roles in organ/tissue development and function. Some of them are released into the circulation acting as classical hormones, but they can also act locally showing autocrine/paracrine effects. In recent years, some of these cytokines have been identified in fish models of biomedical or agronomic interest. In this review, we will present their state of the art focusing on local actions and inter-tissue effects. Adipokines reported in fish adipocytes include adiponectin and leptin among others. We will focus on their structure characteristics, gene expression, receptors, and effects, in the adipose tissue itself, mainly regulating cell differentiation and metabolism, but in muscle and bone as target tissues too. Moreover, lipid metabolites, named lipokines, can also act as signaling molecules regulating metabolic homeostasis. Regarding myokines, the best documented in fish are myostatin and the insulin-like growth factors. This review summarizes their characteristics at a molecular level, and describes both, autocrine effects and interactions with adipose tissue and bone. Nonetheless, our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of action of many of these cytokines is still largely incomplete in fish, especially concerning osteokines (i.e., osteocalcin), whose potential cross talking roles remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, by using selective breeding or genetic tools, the formation of a specific tissue can be altered, highlighting the consequences on other tissues, and allowing the identification of communication signals. The specific effects of identified cytokines validated through in vitro models or in vivo trials will be described. Moreover, future scientific fronts (i.e., exosomes) and tools (i.e., co-cultures, organoids) for a better understanding of inter-organ crosstalk in fish will also be presented. As a final consideration, further identification of molecules involved in inter-tissue communication will open new avenues of knowledge in the control of fish homeostasis, as well as possible strategies to be applied in aquaculture or biomedicine.

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“…In order to overcome this, rather than sequencing a whole cell, RNA within nuclei isolated from WAT can be sequenced via single-nuclei RNAseq (snRNAseq) consequently enabling the transcriptomic profiling of single adipocytes. The technical differences, advantages, and limitations of single-cell and snRNAseq for the study of WAT biology have been recently described in detail by Yang Loureiro et al [ 13 ].…”

Section: The Existence Of White Adipocyte Subpopulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of white adipocytes in metabolic disease

Bilson

Sethi

Byrne

2023

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review This review aims to discuss the most recent evidence identifying the presence of distinct white adipocyte subpopulations in white adipose tissue (WAT) and how these may be altered with increasing adiposity and/or metabolic disease. We conceptualize how changes in adipocyte subpopulations may contribute to alterations in WAT function and the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent findings Studies utilizing novel analytical approaches support the existence of distinct white adipocyte subpopulations in both human and murine WAT. Adipocyte subtypes are potentially functionally distinct and may have different roles in WAT function and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Summary The exploration of white adipocyte heterogeneity using novel analytical technologies, has unveiled a new layer of complexity in the study of WAT biology. Interrogation of potential functional differences between adipocyte subpopulations and their role in the function of different WAT depots is now needed. Through understanding the mechanisms regulating white adipocyte subtype development and potential pathophysiological consequences of changes in the presence of adipocyte subpopulations, studies could provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD.

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Adipocyte Heterogeneity Underlying Adipose Tissue Functions

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

GLUT4 translocation and dispersal operate in multiple cell types and are negatively correlated with cell size in adipocytes

GLUT4 translocation and dispersal operate in multiple cell types and are negatively correlated with cell size in adipocytes

Recent advances in the crosstalk between adipose, muscle and bone tissues in fish

Heterogeneity of white adipocytes in metabolic disease

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