“…, Coherent channeling. Adapted from Keller et al, 1999, and Gupta, Leanhardt, et al, 2001. Nath, 1935Moharam and Young, 1978;Wilkens et al, 1991;Keller et al, 1999;Meystre, 2001͒. Early attempts to observe the Kapitza-Dirac ͑KD͒ effect with electrons were controversial ͓see discussion by Batelaan ͑2000͒ andFreimund et al ͑2001͔͒, and attempts with atoms were unable to eliminate the effects of spontaneous emission ͑Arimondo et al, 1979͒.…”