Adhesively bonded joints – A review on design, manufacturing, experiments, modeling and challenges

Wei, Yang; Jin, Xihong; Luo, Quantian; Li, Qing; Sun, Guangyong

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111225

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 440 publications

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“…Shore A is appropriate for the soft materials that are in the range between 20A and 80A; on the other hand, Shore D is suitable for the hard materials that are in the range of 80A to 85D. After measuring hardness values, it was converted into S by the following Equation (1). Then, the elastic modulus was calculated by the relationship between hardness and elastic modulus via Equation (2) as follows [15]:…”

Section: Modulus Testing Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the realm of materials science and engineering, the study of adhesive materials plays a pivotal role in advancing technologies across diverse industries [ 1 ], for example, automotive [ 2 ], aerospace [ 3 ] and construction materials [ 4 ]. The adhesive joint strength, representing the force required to break or deform a bonded interface, and the elastic modulus, signifying a material’s resistance to deformation under applied stress, are two fundamental properties that have important influence on the performance and reliability of adhesive systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Objective Optimization of Adhesive Joint Strength and Elastic Modulus of Adhesive Epoxy with Active Learning

Kraisornkachit,

Naito,

Kang

et al. 2024

Materials

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Studying multiple properties of a material concurrently is essential for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of its behavior and performance. However, this approach presents certain challenges. For instance, simultaneous examination of various properties often necessitates extensive experimental resources, thereby increasing the overall cost and time required for research. Furthermore, the pursuit of desirable properties for one application may conflict with those needed for another, leading to trade-off scenarios. In this study, we focused on investigating adhesive joint strength and elastic modulus, both crucial properties directly impacting adhesive behavior. To determine elastic modulus, we employed a non-destructive indentation method for converting hardness measurements. Additionally, we introduced a specimen apparatus preparation method to ensure the fabrication of smooth surfaces and homogeneous polymeric specimens, free from voids and bubbles. Our experiments utilized a commercially available bisphenol A-based epoxy resin in combination with a Poly(propylene glycol) curing agent. We generated an initial dataset comprising experimental results from 32 conditions, which served as input for training a machine learning model. Subsequently, we used this model to predict outcomes for a total of 256 conditions. To address the high deviation in prediction results, we implemented active learning approaches, achieving a 50% reduction in deviation while maintaining model accuracy. Through our analysis, we observed a trade-off boundary (Pareto frontier line) between adhesive joint strength and elastic modulus. Leveraging Bayesian optimization, we successfully identified experimental conditions that surpassed this boundary, yielding an adhesive joint strength of 25.2 MPa and an elastic modulus of 182.5 MPa.

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Section: Modulus Testing Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimization of Adhesive Joint Strength and Elastic Modulus of Adhesive Epoxy with Active Learning

Kraisornkachit,

Naito,

Kang

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Compared with the analysis of multiple force-displacement curves, the ILSS analysis is utilized to better reflect the effect of defects in adhesive film and process parameters on joint performance. The bonding strength of the specimens was determined according to Equation (9).…”

Section: Mechanical Performance Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proportion of the usage and the used parts have been taken as the key indexes to measure the advancement of the aircrafts and international competitiveness. Aiming for the multifunctional composite components that cannot be cured integrally, the bonding process of assembly components has been widely focused on by virtue of its operational feasibility, which can avoid the problems of excessive stress, weakened stealth and increased structural weight caused by mechanical connection [9][10][11]. Carbon fiber-quartz fiber composite bonded joints are mainly cured using an autoclave [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Curing Defects in Adhesive Layers on Carbon Fiber–Quartz Fiber Bonded Joint Performance

Yang,

Zhang,

Zhan

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Due to their mechanical load-bearing and functional wave transmission, adhesively bonded joints of carbon fiber–quartz fiber composites have been widely used in the new generation of stealth aviation equipment. However, the curing defects, caused by deviations between the process environment and the setting parameters, directly affect the service performance of the joint during the curing cycle. Therefore, the thermophysical parameter evolution of adhesive films was analyzed via dynamic DSC (differential scanning calorimeter), isothermal DSC and TGA (thermal gravimetric analyzer) tests. The various prefabricating defects within the adhesive layer were used to systematically simulate the impacts of void defects on the tensile properties, and orthogonal tests were designed to clarify the effects of the curing process parameters on the joints’ bonding performance. The results demonstrate that the J-116 B adhesive film starts to cure at a temperature of 160 °C and gradually forms a three-dimensional mesh-bearing structure. Furthermore, a bonding interface between the J-116 B adhesive film and the components to be connected is generated. When the curing temperature exceeds 200 °C, both the adhesive film and the resin matrix thermally degrade the molecular structure. The adhesive strength weakens with an increasing defect area ratio and number, remaining more sensitive to triangle, edge and penetration defects. By affecting the molecular structure of the adhesive film, the curing temperature has a significant impact on the bonding properties; when the curing degree is ensured, the curing pressure directly impacts the adhesive’s performance by influencing the morphology, number and distribution of voids. Conversely, the heating rate and heat preservation time have minimal effects on the bonding performance.

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Synthesis of High Mechanical Strength and Thermally Recyclable and Reversible Polyurethane Adhesive by Diels–Alder Reaction

Xi,

Wang

2024

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Recyclability of polyurethane materials is significant to relieve environmental problems caused by damaged polymers. Inspired by plenty of self‐healing properties based on dynamic covalent bonds. A high mechanical strength and thermally reversible polyurethane adhesive are acquired through co‐polymerization of poly‐1,4‐butylene adipate glycol (PBA), soybean oil‐based polyol (MESO), and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) whose linear polymer chains are constructed by Diels–Alder reaction between furfuryl alcohol (FA) and bismaleimide (BMI), named DAPU. Further, the obtained polyurethane adhesives show great recyclability, mechanical performance (Whose tensile strength can reach 91.7 MPa), and appropriate self‐healing ability through the thermally reversible Diels–Alder covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds between urethane groups, which may pave a way for further development of recyclable materials.

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Adhesively bonded joints – A review on design, manufacturing, experiments, modeling and challenges

Cited by 13 publications

References 440 publications

Multi-Objective Optimization of Adhesive Joint Strength and Elastic Modulus of Adhesive Epoxy with Active Learning

Multi-Objective Optimization of Adhesive Joint Strength and Elastic Modulus of Adhesive Epoxy with Active Learning

Effects of Curing Defects in Adhesive Layers on Carbon Fiber–Quartz Fiber Bonded Joint Performance

Synthesis of High Mechanical Strength and Thermally Recyclable and Reversible Polyurethane Adhesive by Diels–Alder Reaction

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