Adhesively bonded connections in the context of timber engineering – A Review

Vallée, Till; Tannert, Thomas; Fecht, Simon

doi:10.1080/00218464.2015.1071255

Cited by 78 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In addition to the mechanical properties of adhesive, other factors influencing adhesive performance such as temperature, humidity or ageing of the bonds should be taken into consideration [25][26][27]. This was evidenced in an extensive study by Raftery et al [28] on the hygrothermal compliance of a variety of wood-laminating adhesives when bonding FRP materials to wood.…”

Section: Testing Of Adhesive Bond Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Strength and Durability Testing of Adhesive Bonds in Cross-laminated Timber

Sikora

McPolin

Harte

2015

The Journal of Adhesion

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The paper addresses the quality of the interface and edge bonded joints in layers of crosslaminated timber (CLT) panels. The shear performance was studied to assess the suitability of two different adhesives, Polyurethane (PUR) and Phenol-ResorcinolFormaldehyde (PRF), and to determine the optimum clamping pressure. Since there is no established testing procedure to determine the shear strength of the surface bonds between layers in a CLT panel, block shear tests of specimens in two different configurations were carried out, and further shear tests of edge bonded specimen in two configurations were performed. Delamination tests were performed on samples which were subjected to accelerated aging to assess the durability of bonds in severe environmental conditions. Both tested adhesives produced boards with shear strength values within the edge bonding requirements of prEN 16351 for all manufacturing pressures. While the PUR specimens had higher shear strength values, the PRF specimens demonstrated superior durability characteristics in the delamination tests. It seems that the test protocol introduced in this study for crosslam bonded specimens, cut from a CLT panel, and placed in the shearing tool horizontally, accurately reflects the shearing strength of glue lines in CLT.

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Section: Testing Of Adhesive Bond Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Strength and Durability Testing of Adhesive Bonds in Cross-laminated Timber

Sikora

McPolin

Harte

2015

The Journal of Adhesion

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“…This is thought to be associated with the conservative value of 50 N/mm 2 , assumed for the rolling shear modulus, G R [9]. When comparing the different panel configurations, the highest mean values of approximately 36 N/mm 2 were obtained for the thinnest samples (B- [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and the lowest of approximately 29 N/mm 2 for the thickest (B-3-40). Based on these results, there is a general tendency that the thicker the CLT panel, the lower the bending strength.…”

Section: Bending Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In general, the guidelines and requirements of the adhesive manufacturers must be followed in the manufacture of CLT panels. It must be stated that some parameters, such as the bonding pressure, the quantity of applied adhesive, and the moisture content of adherends, are based on experience with glulam production [3][4][5][6][7].Many studies have examined CLT and its uses in the timber construction industry. Its excellent in-plane and out-of-plane strength, rigidity, and stability have allowed larger and taller buildings to be built [3,[8][9][10][11][12].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Panel Lay-Up on the Characteristic Bending and Rolling Shear Strength of CLT

2018

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The objective of this study was to characterise the behaviour of cross laminated timber (CLT) panels and the influence of the panel lay-up on the failure strength. Three different panel configurations of thickness, 60 mm, 100 mm, and 120 mm, were loaded in the out-of-plane direction. The 60 mm and 120 mm panel configuration comprised three layers of equal thickness, and the intermediate 100 mm thick panel comprised five layers of equal thickness. The mean and characteristic bending and rolling shear strength of the panels were examined. The results show that the mean bending and rolling shear strength decrease with the panel thickness. The characteristic results have shown that there is an influence because of the number of boards within the panel. The characteristic bending strength values for the five-layer 100 mm thick panel were found to be higher than that of the three-layer 60 mm panel. The characteristic rolling shear values decreased in the five-layer panels, however, the increased number of layers subjected to the rolling shear results in a reduced variability in the rolling shear strength.2 of 15 used for the manufacture of CLT are generally conditioned to a moisture content (u) of 12 ± 2% and are visually or mechanically strength graded. The common strength classes according to EN 338 [2] are C24 for a homogeneous layup, C24 for longitudinal layers, and C16/C18 for the transverse layers in a combined layup. In general, the guidelines and requirements of the adhesive manufacturers must be followed in the manufacture of CLT panels. It must be stated that some parameters, such as the bonding pressure, the quantity of applied adhesive, and the moisture content of adherends, are based on experience with glulam production [3][4][5][6][7].Many studies have examined CLT and its uses in the timber construction industry. Its excellent in-plane and out-of-plane strength, rigidity, and stability have allowed larger and taller buildings to be built [3,[8][9][10][11][12]. In Europe, spruce is largely used when manufacturing CLT, however, many other timber species have been investigated worldwide. Fortune and Quenneville [11] aimed to establish the use of CLT in New Zealand using locally-grown Radiata pine, bonded using resorcinol adhesive. In Japan, Sugi timber CLT panels were manufactured by Okabe et al. [13]. In the United States, Hindman and Bouldin [14] produced CLT using Southern pine, which was tested to establish the bending strength, bending stiffness, and shear strength. The CLT panels made from Scottish Sitka spruce was investigated by Crawford et al. [15]. Four CLT panels for each panel configuration (three-and five-layers) were prefabricated using Sitka spruce boards, graded to C16, and bonded with polyurethane (PUR) adhesive. Established bending strengths and stiffnesses in-and out-of-plane were not dissimilar to commercially available CLT panels, manufactured in Central Europe. Similarly, a sample of the CLT panels were manufactured from Irish Sitka spruce by Sikora et al. [9]. Sikora et al. [9] test...

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“…Significant development has also been achieved at the connection level. Self-tapping screws [24,25], glued-in rods [26][27][28] and a lot of different innovative systems [29][30][31][32] show improved behavior in seismic applications than traditional…”

Section: European Seismic Design Norms Standards and Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Design of Timber Buildings: Highlighted Challenges and Future Trends

et al. 2020

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Use of timber as a construction material has entered a period of renaissance since the development of high-performance engineered wood products, enabling larger and taller buildings to be built. In addition, due to substantial contribution of the building sector to global energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and waste production, sustainable solutions are needed, for which timber has shown a great potential as a sustainable, resilient and renewable building alternative, not only for single family homes but also for mid-rise and high-rise buildings. Both recent technological developments in timber engineering and exponentially increased use of engineered wood products and wood composites reflect in deficiency of current timber codes and standards. This paper presents an overview of some of the current challenges and emerging trends in the field of seismic design of timber buildings. Currently existing building codes and the development of new generation of European building codes are presented. Ongoing studies on a variety topics within seismic timber engineering are presented, including tall timber and hybrid buildings, composites with timber and seismic retrofitting with timber. Crucial challenges, key research needs and opportunities are addressed and critically discussed.

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Adhesively bonded connections in the context of timber engineering – A Review

Cited by 78 publications

References 75 publications

Shear Strength and Durability Testing of Adhesive Bonds in Cross-laminated Timber

Shear Strength and Durability Testing of Adhesive Bonds in Cross-laminated Timber

The Influence of Panel Lay-Up on the Characteristic Bending and Rolling Shear Strength of CLT

Seismic Design of Timber Buildings: Highlighted Challenges and Future Trends

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