Adhesive Strength of Pilot-Scale-Produced Water-Washed Cottonseed Meal in Comparison with a Synthetic Glue for Non-Structural Interior Application

Abstract

Water-washed cottonseed meal (WCSM) has been shown the potential to be used as renewable and environmentfriendly adhesives in wood products industry. Recently, WCSM was produced from defatted meal in a pilot scale. In this study, we initially compare the adhesive strength of the pilot-produced WCSM with that of a synthetic glue Vinavil 2259 L. WCSM may be used as the conventional D1 wood adhesives for nonstructural interior application per European standard EN204/205. Non-structural D3 type adhesives is more widely used in protected outside. Under the testing conditions, WCSM possessed very high heat resistance according to European standard EN14257 (WATT 91)-adhesive strength after 1 hour at 80°C. However, the dry strength (EN204/205) and water resistance (specimen were put in water for 4 days and then pulled in the dynamometer) of WCSM were lower than those of the synthetic glue Vinavil 2259 L. Blending WCSM with Vinavil 2259 L improved the water resistance of WCSM, allowing the classification of the WCSM adhesive as D3. Further work will be focused on the increase of solid content of the final adhesive slurries and the improvement of their water resistance.

Effects of Particle Size on the Morphology and Water- and Thermo-Resistance of Washed Cottonseed Meal-Based Wood Adhesives

“…Indeed, the hot shear strength of the fir strips bonded by 0.5-mm cyclone was lower than the dry shear strength of the fir strips bonded by the same WCSM product. Little or negative impact of heat exposure on the adhesive strength of WCSM has also been observed previously with beech thin board [ 21 ].…”

“…For general plywood and composite board bonding, a shorter fixed press time (3.6–6.0 min) has been used in the literature [ 16 , 42 , 44 ]. On the other hand, variable press times have also been used to evaluate the adhesives per European Union standards, such as 5, 15, 25 min in Nordqvist et al [ 45 ], and 30 min in He and Chiozza [ 21 ]. As a matter of fact, per our industrial partner’s input, 60-, 120- and 180-min press times have been applied in the evaluation of WCSM as a glue for bonding small wood items, such as the pencil sandwich slats in pencil making [ 19 , 46 ].…”

“…In order to lower the cost and be more environmentally friendly in preparation, we further developed a new product, water-washed cottonseed meal (WCSM), as a promising biobased wood adhesive [ 16 , 17 ]. To promote practical application, WCSM was produced in a pilot scale [ 18 ], and the effects of several operational parameters on the bonding performance were evaluated [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Surface Characterization of Cottonseed Meal Products by SEM, SEM-EDS, XRD and XPS Analysis

“…However, the utilization of defatted cottonseed meal as a valuable industrial stock feed and a fertilizer needs to be further exploited (Grevellec et al, 2001;Grewal and Khare, 2017;He and Cheng, 2017;Swiatkiewicz et al, 2016). Recent work (Cheng et al, 2013;He et al, 2014a;2014b;He and Chiozza, 2017) has shown that two cottonseed meal products, washed cottonseed meal (WCSM) and cottonseed protein isolate (CSPI), could be used as "green" wood adhesives. He et al (2016c) further scaled up the production of WCSM and co-products from laboratory 10-g levels to pilot production levels of 10-lb (4.54 kg) starting material.…”

A Review of Cottonseed Protein Chemistry and Non-Food Applications

“…Cottonseed meal was extracted with water or phosphate buffer [41,42], and the resulting cottonseed meal was found to be a lower cost alternative to cottonseed protein isolate for adhesive applications. The washing process was recently scaled up and shown to be feasible for production and practical application [43].…”