Adhesion, spreading and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on micropatterned amorphous diamond, titanium, tantalum and chromium coatings on silicon

Abstract

It was hypothesized that human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) can be guided by patterned and plain amorphous diamond (AD), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta) and chromium (Cr) coatings, produced on silicon wafer using physical vapour deposition and photolithography. At 7.5 h hMSCs density was 3.0-3.5 x higher (P < 0.0003, except Ti) and cells were smaller (68 vs. 102 microm, P 0.000006-0.02) on patterns than on silicon background. HMSC-covered surface of the background silicon was lower on Ti than AD patterns (P = 0.015), but at 5 days this had reversed (P = 0.006). At 7.5 h focal vinculin adhesions and actin cytoskeleton were outgoing from pattern edges so cells assumed geometric square shapes. Patterns allowed induced osteogenesis, but less effectively than plain surfaces, except for AD, which could be used to avoid osseointegration. All these biomaterial patterns exert direct early, intermediate and late guidance on hMSCs and osteogenic differentiation, but indirect interactions exist with cells on silicon background.

Glutamate detection by amino functionalized tetrahedral amorphous carbon surfaces

“…These materials are very stable and have a good biocompatibility [8,9,10] and they are able to resist bacterial adhesion [11]. Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) is the form 4 of diamond-like carbon, which is the hardest, strongest, and slickest.…”

Surface Treatments to Modulate Bioadhesion: A Critical Review

“…This is due to the multicomponent nature of adhesion and the way in which surface thermodynamics enables such a multi-component system to be efficiently and sufficiently analysed. When accounting for adhesion it is also usually necessary to consider the wettability characteristics of the material and it has been shown that this factor can aid as a potential prediction mechanism for biological adhesion [1,3,6,42]. From this, the surface free energy of a material, along with the characteristic resulting contact angle evaluated with a liquid, can be directly related to the determination of bioactivity and cell adhesion.…”

“…For instance, taking biological cells as an example, it has been reported that osteoblasts preferentially adhere and proliferate on rough surfaces whilst fibroblasts are known to have an enhanced response on smooth surfaces [25,26]. Leading on from this, mesenchymal stem cells have been reported to have a significant sensitivity to surface roughness and topography [6,27]. It has also been shown that surface chemistry can play a significant role in the manipulation of biological cell growth [52,137,180].…”

“…This being said, there is an increasing interest in surface treatment/engineering of materials specifically regarding manipulating tissue engineering [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and bacterial adhesion [10][11][12][13][14]. In a generalized sense, the development of technologies for the manipulation of biological and microbiological adhesion can be viewed in Figure 1.…”

“…To this end, such surface engineering research will make inroads in to providing a pharmaceutical scale process for manufacturing platforms upon which cells can be grown and investigated. This is based on the fact that biological cells can discriminate against subtle variations in the surfaces properties of materials [1,25,26] and with an increased interest in the manipulation of stem cells [6,27]. With regards to microbiology, bacteria have evolved to become considerably more capable at adapting to their environmental conditions, increasing the likelihood for them to attach and form biofilms (complex 3-dimensional communities).…”