Adhesion of Al-metallization in Ultra-sonic Soldering on the Al-rear Side of Solar Cells

Schmitt, Peter; Eberlein, D.; Ebert, Christian; Tranitz, M.; Eitner, Ulrich; Wirth, Harry

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.293

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The adhesive force between the AgNWs:AZO‐SG layer and the Em‐Ag substrate reached 1.45 N mm −1 by 90° peel measurements. [ 50–52 ] In contrast, as shown in Figure 3e, the adhesion of the Em‐Ag/PH1000 and AgNWs:AZO‐SG FTEs without interface welding dramatically decreases to 58% and 73.2% relative to that of the Em‐Ag/AgNWs:AZO‐SG FTE, respectively. Due to the overall improvement in optoelectronic and mechanical properties, the welding FTE is a promising candidate for using as the electrode in flexible OSCs.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 94%

Realizing Ultrahigh Mechanical Flexibility and >15% Efficiency of Flexible Organic Solar Cells via a “Welding” Flexible Transparent Electrode

et al. 2020

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The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) still lag behind those of rigid devices and their mechanical stability is unable to meet the needs of flexible electronics at present due to the lack of a high‐performance flexible transparent electrode (FTE). Here, a so‐called “welding” concept is proposed to design an FTE with tight binding of the upper electrode and the underlying substrate. The upper electrode consisting of solution‐processed Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) and silver nanowire (AgNW) network is well welded by utilizing the capillary force effect and secondary growth of AZO, leading to a reduction of the AgNWs junction site resistance. Meanwhile, the poly(ethylene terephthalate) is modified by embedding the AgNWs, which are then used to link with the AgNWs in the upper hybrid electrode, thus enhancing the adhesion of the electrode to the substrate. By this welding strategy, critical bottleneck issues relating to the FTEs in terms of optoelectronic and mechanical properties are comprehensively addressed. The single‐junction flexible OSCs based on this welded FTE show a high performance, achieving a record high PCE of 15.21%. In addition, the PCEs of the flexible OSCs are less influenced by the device area and display robust bending durability even under extreme test conditions.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 94%

Realizing Ultrahigh Mechanical Flexibility and >15% Efficiency of Flexible Organic Solar Cells via a “Welding” Flexible Transparent Electrode

et al. 2020

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“…To further evaluate and quantify the adhesive strength between the substrate and AgNW film with and without MXene, 180° peel measurements were conducted [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. A 3M transparent tape was attached to the film tightly and subsequently peeled off the substrate at 180°; the corresponding experimental details were illustrated in the insert image.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Solution-Processed Fabrication Approach for High-Performance Silver Nanowire/MXene Hybrid Transparent Conductive Films

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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The transparent conductive films (TCFs) based on silver nanowires are expected to be a next-generation electrode for flexible electronics. However, their defects such as easy oxidation and high junction resistance limit its wide application in practical situations. Herein, a method of coating Ti3C2Tx with different sizes was proposed to prepare silver nanowire/MXene composite films. The solution-processed silver nanowire (AgNW) networks were patched and welded by capillary force effect through the double-coatings of small and large MXene nanosheets. The sheet resistance of the optimized AgNW/MXene TCFs was 15.1 Ω/sq, the optical transmittance at 550 nm was 89.3%, and the figure of merit value was 214.4. Moreover, the AgNW/MXene TCF showed higher stability at 1600 mechanical bending, annealing at 100 °C for 50 h, and exposure to ambient air for 40 days. These results indicate that the novel AgNW/MXene TCFs have a great potential for high-performance flexible optoelectronic devices.

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“…Silver metallization is the standard material for front side metallization and hence well established for interconnection. Interconnecting the aluminum on the rear side of the solar cell in turn iswithout special Al treatment such as proposed in [35][36][37] -impossible for soldering below 300 °C because of the existence of native Al2O3 surfaces. Typical glue as well shows poor adhesion to Al2O3 surfaces.…”

Section: Challenges Of Bifacial Shingle Interconnectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shingled Cell Interconnection: A New Generation of Bifacial PV-Modules

et al. 2018

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Adhesion of Al-metallization in Ultra-sonic Soldering on the Al-rear Side of Solar Cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Realizing Ultrahigh Mechanical Flexibility and >15% Efficiency of Flexible Organic Solar Cells via a “Welding” Flexible Transparent Electrode

Realizing Ultrahigh Mechanical Flexibility and >15% Efficiency of Flexible Organic Solar Cells via a “Welding” Flexible Transparent Electrode

Scalable Solution-Processed Fabrication Approach for High-Performance Silver Nanowire/MXene Hybrid Transparent Conductive Films

Shingled Cell Interconnection: A New Generation of Bifacial PV-Modules

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