Adhesion of a Leaf Feeding Ladybird Epilachna vigintioctomaculta (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) on a Virtically Smooth Surface

Ishii, Shinji

doi:10.1303/aez.22.222

Cited by 116 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Additionally, an adhesion-mediating fluid is released, employing fluid coverage on the terminal setae, as previously reported, e.g. in flies [3] and beetles [4]. Smooth pads can be encountered, for example, in adult representatives of Hymenoptera [5], Hemiptera [6], Lepidoptera [7] and Orthoptera [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Locomotion and attachment of leaf beetle larvaeGastrophysa viridula(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

2015

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While adult green dock leaf beetles Gastrophysa viridula use tarsal adhesive setae to attach to and walk on smooth vertical surfaces and ceilings, larvae apply different devices for similar purposes: pretarsal adhesive pads on thoracic legs and a retractable pygopod at the 10th abdominal segment. Both are soft smooth structures and capable of wet adhesion. We studied attachment ability of different larval instars, considering the relationship between body weight and real contact area between attachment devices and the substrate. Larval gait patterns were analysed using high-speed video recordings. Instead of the tripod gait of adults, larvae walked by swinging contralateral legs simultaneously while adhering by the pygopod. Attachment ability of larval instars was measured by centrifugation on a spinning drum, revealing that attachment force decreases relative to weight. Contributions of different attachment devices to total attachment ability were investigated by selective disabling of organs by covering them with melted wax. Despite their smaller overall contact area, tarsal pads contributed to a larger extent to total attachment ability, probably because of their distributed spacing. Furthermore, we observed different behaviour in adults and larvae when centrifuged: while adults gradually slipped outward on the centrifuge drum surface, larvae stayed at the initial position until sudden detachment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Locomotion and attachment of leaf beetle larvaeGastrophysa viridula(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

2015

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“…Crystals of different length and different crystal densities did not strongly affect the surface wettability, but significantly influenced insect attachment. This means that the surface roughness affects the force reduction not necessarily through the wettability reduction, especially if we take into account purely lipide-like nature of a beetle pad secretion (Ishii 1987;Kosaki and Yamaoka 1996;Eisner and Aneshansley 2000). It is clear that here we deal with a complex contact mechanics phenomenon and observe an integration of overlaying effects of various parameters, but data obtained let us assume that the attachment force depends primarily on the surface profile and ability of insects to establish real contact with the substrate and secondarily on the surface wettability.…”

Section: Wax-mediated Beetle Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment force of the beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) on leaflet surfaces of mutants of the pea Pisum sativum (Fabaceae) with regular and reduced wax coverage

Gorb¹,

Voigt²,

Eigenbrode

et al. 2008

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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This study represents an investigation of surface-related plant-insect interactions. Surface micromorphology of leaflets in pea (Pisum sativum) with wildtype crystalline surface waxes (waxy) and with reduced crystalline surface waxes (glossy) caused by a mutation (wel) were studied using various microscopy techniques. The free surface energy of these plant surfaces was estimated using contact angles of droplets of three different liquids. The morphological study of the attachment system in the ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri was combined with measurements of attachment (traction) forces, generated by beetles on these plant substrates. Differences were found in wax crystal shape, dimensions, and density between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of waxy and glossy plants. The crystalline wax was not completely eliminated in the glossy plant: it was only slightly reduced on the adaxial side and underwent greater changes on the abaxial side. The free surface energy for both surfaces of both pea types was rather low with strongly predominating dispersion component. Insects generated low traction forces on all intact plant surfaces studied, except the abaxial surface of the glossy plant, on which the force was greater. After being treated with chloroform, all the surfaces allowed much higher traction forces. It is demonstrated that the difference in the crystal length and density of the epicuticular wax coverage within the observed range did not influence wettability of surfaces, but affected insect attachment. The reduction in insect attachment force on plant surfaces, covered with the crystalline wax, is explained by the decrease of the real contact area between setal tips of beetles and the substrate.

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“…It has been shown for stick insects that this emulsion increases friction forces, possibly based on its non-Newtonian properties [2]. Chemical analyses of insect adhesive secretions have found long-chained hydrocarbons, alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, fatty acids, saccharides, amino acids and proteins [1,6,[27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of fluid production in smooth adhesive pads of insects

Dirks

Federle

2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Insect adhesion is mediated by thin fluid films secreted into the contact zone. As the amount of fluid affects adhesive forces, a control of secretion appears probable. Here, we quantify for the first time the rate of fluid secretion in adhesive pads of cockroaches and stick insects. The volume of footprints deposited during consecutive press-downs decreased exponentially and approached a non-zero steady state, demonstrating the presence of a storage volume. We estimated its size and the influx rate into it from a simple compartmental model. Influx was independent of step frequency. Fluid-depleted pads recovered maximal footprint volumes within 15 min. Pads in stationary contact accumulated fluid along the perimeter of the contact zone. The initial fluid build-up slowed down, suggesting that flow is driven by negative Laplace pressure. Freely climbing stick insects left hardly any traceable footprints, suggesting that they save secretion by minimizing contact area or by recovering fluid during detachment. However, even the highest fluid production rates observed incur only small biosynthesis costs, representing less than 1 per cent of the resting metabolic rate. Our results show that fluid secretion in insect wet adhesive systems relies on simple physical principles, allowing for passive control of fluid volume within the contact zone.

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Adhesion of a Leaf Feeding Ladybird Epilachna vigintioctomaculta (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) on a Virtically Smooth Surface

Cited by 116 publications

References 3 publications

Locomotion and attachment of leaf beetle larvaeGastrophysa viridula(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Locomotion and attachment of leaf beetle larvaeGastrophysa viridula(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Attachment force of the beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) on leaflet surfaces of mutants of the pea Pisum sativum (Fabaceae) with regular and reduced wax coverage

Mechanisms of fluid production in smooth adhesive pads of insects

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