Adhesion molecules (E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)) in sera from patients withStaphylococcus aureusbacteraemia with or without endocarditis

Abstract

SUMMARYThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate if patients with endocarditis display a more extensive endothelial activation than those with bacteraemia but without endocarditis. Sixty-®ve patients with blood culture-veri®ed Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia were included and serum samples collected on admission were analysed by enzyme immunoassays. Elevated serum concentrations of adhesion molecules were found in most of the patients with S. aureus bacteraemia. Patients with endocarditis (n 15) showed signi®cantly higher serum E-selectin (median 156 ng/ml) and VCAM-1 (median 1745 ng/ml) concentrations compared with those with S. aureus bacteraemia but without endocarditis (80 ng/ml and 1172 ng/ml, respectively; P 0´01 and P 0´003). No signi®cant difference was found between the groups concerning ICAM-1 (median 451 ng/ml versus 522 ng/ml). In addition, serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) concentrations were signi®cantly correlated (P < 0´002) to serum levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.

Comprehensive comparison of three different animal models for systemic inflammation

“…This infiltration, although to a lesser extent, was also observed after PCI treatment, whereas the CLP procedure resulted in only few neutrophils in the liver tissue. Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance the expression of cell adhesion molecules after bacterial infection [ 56 ]. Accordingly, more neutrophils could have entered the tissue due to an increased amount of adhesion molecules in the vessels.…”

Evidence of Less Severe Aortic Valve Destruction after Treatment of Experimental Staphylococcal Endocarditis with Vancomycin and Dexamethasone

“…Recent studies showed that downregulation of the responses of lymphocytes and macrophages by corticosteroids alleviates the outcome of sepsis caused by S. aureus (27). Sodequist et al (25) showed that E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations in serum increase in patients with staphylococcal endocarditis. Dexamethasone, due to its anti-inflammatory action, reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (7,36), and this action, by reducing the tissue damage, may be responsible for the protection of the endothelium of the aortic valve.…”

HIV, Inflammation, and Calcium in Atherosclerosis

“…Several cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-4) and chemokines (CCL3 and MCP1) also upregulate intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular-cell adhesion molecule-1 in ECs. 40,41 On chemokine-triggered activation, leukocytes, specifically monocytes and lymphocytes, express β 2 -integrins and α 4 -integrins that have a high affinity to bind with intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular-cell adhesion molecule-1, respectively, and as a result monocytes adhere to the arterial walls. 42 Driven by inflammatory markers, in particular cytokines and chemokines, such as macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, and MCP-1, these recruited monocytes differentiate into macrophages.…”