Adhesion as a Focus in Trichoderma–Root Interactions

Taylor, James T.; Harting, Rebekka; Shalaby, Samer; Kenerley, Charles M.; Braus, Gerhard H.; Horwitz, Benjamin A.

doi:10.3390/jof8040372

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…This finding concordanced to several researchers who also found Penicillium, Cylindrocarpon, Alternaria, Trichoderma, Cylindrocarpon, Phialophora, and Trichoderma in Verbenaceae family (De Siqueira et al 2011;Gong et al 2015;Singh et al 2017;Talita et al 2017;Vaz et al 2018;Tomy and Rakhra 2021). Some genera, such as Trichoderma, are specific for the roots and stems of the host plants (Habisukan et al 2021;Pescador et al 2022;Taylor et al 2022). Nonetheless, genera of Trichoderma in this study were found in leaf tissue of P. canescens.…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Endophytic Fungicontrasting

confidence: 53%

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Peronema canescens leaves

Elfita

MARDIYANTO²,

Widjajanti³

et al. 2022

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Elfita, Oktiansyah R, Mardiyanto, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A. 2022. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Peronema canescens leaves. Biodiversitas 23: 4783-4792. Peronema canescens Jack. or sungkai is a plant found in tropical rainforests. Also known as Peronema heterophyllum Miq., it belongs to the Verbenaceae family and grows widely in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The local people believe that the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of its leaves increase immunity. Bioactivities of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are currently of great interest due to their potential for development and use in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial fields. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of an extract of leaves from P. canescens host plant and compared them with those of extracts from an endophytic fungus. Antibacterial and antioxidant compounds derived from active extracts of endophytic fungi have the capability to be developed as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds equivalent to those of their host. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the fresh tissue of P. canescens leaves and identified morphologically. Their antibacterial activity was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method, and their antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method. The potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the endophytic fungi extracts were identified molecularly, and the compounds were isolated using column chromatography. A structural determination of the antibacterial and antioxidant compounds was conducted by spectroscopy involving NMR 1D and 2D. Twelve of the endophytic fungi were gained from the P. canescens leaves, namely RD1-RD12. The RD6 isolate showed the greatest potential for antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and its molecular identification was expressed as Penicillium oxalicum. The pure compound produced was a yellowish white solid with strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Based on an analysis of spectroscopy NMR 1D and 2D, compound I was identified as 3-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacrylic acid. The study demonstrated that endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants and functioning as antibacterial and antioxidant agents have the potential to produce compounds as strong as those of the host plant. These compounds represent a potential new source for antibacterials and antioxidants.

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Section: Isolation and Identification Of Endophytic Fungicontrasting

confidence: 53%

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Peronema canescens leaves

Elfita

MARDIYANTO²,

Widjajanti³

et al. 2022

Biodiversitas

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“…anisopliae and P. chlamydosporia are under development as bio-control agents for insecticide during agricultural production. , All these will complicate the components of mycotoxins for agricultural and food safety, due to not only the native production but also the inter-species bio-transformation. However, our work provided other possible solutions to re-evaluate the mycotoxins by examining the biosynthetic genes and/or expression to predict the mycotoxins.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Interplay and Catalytic Versatility of Tailoring Enzymes for Efficient and Selective Biosynthesis of Fungal Mycotoxins

Zhong

Cao

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Mycotoxins have substantial impacts on agricultural production and food preservation. Some have high similarities in bioactivity but subtle differences on structures from various fungal producers. Understanding of their complex cross-biosynthesis will provide new insights into enzyme functions and food safety. Here, based on structurally related mycotoxins, such as aurovertins, asteltoxin, and citreoviridin, we showed that methyltransferase (MT)-catalyzed methylation is required for efficient oxidation and polyketide stability. MTs have broad interactions with polyketide synthases and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), while MT AstB is required for FMO AstC functionality in vivo. FMOs have common catalysis on pyrone–polyene intermediates but different catalytic specificity and efficiency on oxidative intermediates for the selective production of more toxic and complex mycotoxins. Thus, the subtle protein interaction and elaborate versatile catalysis of biosynthetic enzymes contribute to the efficient and selective biosynthesis of these structure-related mycotoxins and provide the basis to re-evaluate and control mycotoxins for agricultural and food safety.

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“…Chemical communication between fungi and plants is essential for interaction and diverse secondary metabolites are known to play an important role in this interplay (Macias-Rodriguez et al, 2020). Moreover, adhesion and the function of hydrophobins are required for plant-fungus interaction (Taylor et al, 2022). Intriguingly, stressed plants were found to secrete specific compounds attracting beneficial fungi (Lombardi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant recognition byTrichoderma harzianumelicits upregulation of a novel secondary metabolite cluster required for colonization

Schalamun

Hinterdobler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Trichoderma harzianum is a filamentous ascomycete frequently applied as plant beneficial agent in agriculture. While mycoparasitism and antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against fungal pathogens are well known, early responses of the fungus to the presence of a plant await broader investigation. In this study we analyzed these early stages of plant-fungus communication at the molecular level. We show that T. harzianum B97 is an efficient colonizer of plants and chemotropically responds to a plant extract. Patterns of secreted metabolites revealed that the fungus chemically responds to the presence of the plant and that the plant secrets a fungus specific metabolite as well. Hence we developed a strategy for omics analysis to simulate the conditions of the early plant recognition eliciting a chemotropic response in the fungus and found only 102 genes to be differentially regulated, including nitrate and nitrite reductases. Among them, a so far uncharacterized, presumably silent gene cluster was strongly induced upon recognition of the plant. Gene deletion of two genes of this Plant Communication Associated (PCA) cluster revealed that they are essential for colonization of soybean roots. Moreover, for part of the gene cluster, a DNA motif with palindromic sequence was detected. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the PCA cluster is only present in the Harzianum clade of Trichoderma and was likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from Metarhizium spp., with the clustered genes originating from fungi, bacteria and plants. We conclude that the plant recognition specific PCA cluster mediates early chemical communication between plant and fungus, is required for colonization and it is likely responsible for the high potential of T. harzianum and closely related species for biocontrol applications.

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Adhesion as a Focus in Trichoderma–Root Interactions

Cited by 10 publications

References 58 publications

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Peronema canescens leaves

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Peronema canescens leaves

Complex Interplay and Catalytic Versatility of Tailoring Enzymes for Efficient and Selective Biosynthesis of Fungal Mycotoxins

Plant recognition byTrichoderma harzianumelicits upregulation of a novel secondary metabolite cluster required for colonization

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