Adherence to the Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean dietary patterns and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the MCC-Spain study

Abstract

Diet is a modifiable risk factor for several neoplasms but evidence for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is sparse. Previous studies examining the association between single-food items and CLL risk have yielded mixed results, while few studies have been conducted on overall diet, reporting inconclusive findings. This study aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to three dietary patterns and CLL in the multicase-control study (MCC-Spain) study. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, medical and dietary information was collected for 369 CLL cases and 1605 controls. Three validated dietary patterns, Western, Prudent and Mediterranean, were reconstructed in the MCC-Spain data. The association between adherence to each dietary pattern and CLL was assessed, overall and by Rai stage, using mixed logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. High adherence to a Western dietary pattern (i.e. high intake of high-fat dairy products, processed meat, refined grains, sweets, caloric drinks, and convenience food) was associated with CLL [ORQ4 vs. Q1=1.63 (95%CI 1.11; 2.39); P-trend=0.02; OR 1-SD increase=1.19 (95%CI: 1.03; 1.37)], independently of Rai stages. No differences in the association were observed according to sex, Body Mass Index, energy intake, tobacco, physical activity, working on a farm, or family history of hematologic malignancies. No associations were observed for Mediterranean and Prudent dietary patterns and CLL. This study provides the first evidence for an association between a Western dietary pattern and CLL, suggesting that a proportion of CLL cases could be prevented by modifying dietary habits. Further research, especially with a prospective design, is warranted to confirm these findings.

The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia in the MCC Spain Study

“…Likewise, a Western-type diet, high in sugar intake, fried foods, high-fat dairy products and refined grains, has been associated with higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) [26][27][28]. Interestingly, using the MCC Spain data, an association between CLL and a high adherence to a Western dietary pattern was reported [40], suggesting that factors other than inflammation associated with a Western diet should be evaluated in future studies.…”

“…Cases were histologically confirmed and, as CLL follows an indolent course, those interviewed ≥1 year from diagnosis were also recruited [39]. Disease severity was assessed using the Rai staging system and then categorised into two groups, low-risk category (Rai 0) and intermediate/high risk category (Rai I-IV) [40].…”

High-fat diet intensifies MLL-AF9-induced acute myeloid leukemia through activation of the FLT3 signaling in mouse primitive hematopoietic cells

“…2 LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France. 3 Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique et Moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France. 4 These authors contributed equally: François Hermetet and Rony Mshaik.…”

“…(C) Time before observing AML occurrence following the BM cell transplantation, showing that this period is reduced for HFD-fed mice compared to CD-fed mice. We considered mice start to develop AML, when the WBC is over 15 × 10 3 /mm3 in PB. Data are presented as median (central line), first and third quartiles (bottom and top of boxes, respectively), and whiskers (extreme values); n = 9 and 15 mice for CD and HFD-groups, respectively.…”

Insulin‐like growth factor levels and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: results from the MCC‐Spain and EpiLymph‐Spain studies

“…The main established epidemiological risk factors associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) are not modifiable (age, sex and family history of haematological cancer). The increase in CLL incidence rates in Taiwan, lower CLL incidence rates among foreign‐born Asians than U.S.‐born Asians and higher odds of CLL in individuals with a high adherence to a Western dietary pattern suggested a potential role of environmental factors in CLL aetiology (Wu et al , ; Clarke et al , ; Solans et al , ).…”