Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the impact on clinical features in primary Sjögren's syndrome

Abstract

Objective. The relationship between dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean diet, and rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) has been increasingly assessed but data on patients with established primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is lacking. The aim of the study was to explore the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its relationship with metabolic and inflammatory features in a cohort of patients with pSS. Methods. Demographic, clinical and serological data, including anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors/events among others were collected from 91 pSS patients. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet over the previous 12 months was assessed with the 14-item PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea (PRED-IMED) tool and the 28-item Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index. Results. According to the PREDIMED score 29 (31%) patients had a good adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, 57 (61%) a medium adherence and only 7 (8%) a poor adherence. No difference could be identified across groups with regard to demographic data, disease activity, CV risk factors or other parameters. With regard to the MEDLIFE, the total of blocks 1 and 2, that are related to Mediterranean foods and dietary habits, did not correlate with the total of block 3 (related to other healthy habits such as physical activity), meaning that the patients adhering the most to the Mediterranean Diet not necessarily had an overall healthy lifestyle. The PREDIMED score was inversely correlated with disease activity, as measured by p= 0.009) and p=0.01). Fish consumption was associated with lower prevalence of hypertension. Conclusion.Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with particular attention to fish consumption, may be beneficial on various domains in pSS, such as the CV system and the inflammatory environment, and as such should be recommended to patients with this disease.

The Interplay between Cardiovascular Risk, Cardiovascular Events, and Disease Activity in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: Is Uric Acid the Missing Link?

“…Conversely, blocks 1 and 2 of the MEDLIFE tool and the total PREDIMED score, exploring Mediterranean food and dietary habits, were comparable in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients. However, a more detailed analysis of individual nutrient intake confirmed the association between AH and lower fish consumption which has been described in the general population [ 21 , 22 ] and which we observed in an independent pSS cohort [ 23 ]. In particular, only 15/46 hypertensive patients (32%) consumed at least two servings of fish/seafood per week compared to 35/59 (59%) non-hypertensive patients ( p = 0.006).…”

The Mediterranean Diet and Age-Related Eye Diseases: A Systematic Review

“…Then, 87 studies were further excluded in full-text screening, of which 29 studies were without detailed information about the association between the MD and AREDs, 6 studies were without a detailed description of ARED assessment, 15 studies were without a clear definition of MD adherence, and 19 studies only reported on a single component of the MD. In total, 18 studies met our eligibility requirements and were eventually included in this systematic review [10][11][12][13][14]20,21,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] (Figure 1). which 29 studies were without detailed information about the association between the MD and AREDs, 6 studies were without a detailed description of ARED assessment, 15 studies were without a clear definition of MD adherence, and 19 studies only reported on a single component of the MD.…”

“…which 29 studies were without detailed information about the association between the MD and AREDs, 6 studies were without a detailed description of ARED assessment, 15 studies were without a clear definition of MD adherence, and 19 studies only reported on a single component of the MD. In total, 18 studies met our eligibility requirements and were eventually included in this systematic review [10][11][12][13][14]20,21,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] (Figure 1).…”

“…Among the 18 included studies, there were five prospective cohort studies [12][13][14]32,37], two retrospective cohort studies [10,11], four case-control studies [28,29,35,38], four cross-sectional studies [20,21,33,34] and three RCTs [30,31,36]. These studies were subdivided into cataract (n = 1) [30], glaucoma (n = 2) [37,38], AMD (n = 9) [10][11][12][13][14]20,21,28,29], DR (n = 2) [31,32] and DES (n = 4) [33][34][35][36]. The majority of the studies were performed in Europe (n = 11) [13,21,[28][29][30][31]33,[35][36][37][38], followed by USA (n = 6) [10]<...…”

Ceramides in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Existing Evidence and Therapeutic Considerations for Diet as an Anticeramide Treatment

“…Nonetheless, nutrition plays an important auxiliary role in the prevention and management of AIRDs [ 10 ]. A plethora of evidence has linked disease progression, severity, relapse and pharmacotherapy-induced adverse events to specific dietary interventions/changes [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Furthermore, the large majority of patients with AIRDs also demonstrate overweight and obesity, aggravated by physical inactivity [ 18 , 19 ].…”