Adherence to Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer risk in Sicily: population-based case–control study

Russo, Giorgio Ivan; Solinas, Tatiana; Urzì, Daniele; Privitera, Salvatore; Campisi, Daniele; Cocci, Andrea; Carini, Marco; Madonia, Massimo; Cimino, Silvia; Morgia, Giuseppe

doi:10.1038/s41443-018-0088-5

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Case-control studies showed less consistent results. One study observed a significant inverse association between a priori defined MD adherence and prostate cancer risk, whereas no relation was present in another study (43,44). The vulnerability of the case-control design to several types of bias, including recall and selection biases, could potentially explain this inconsistency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Prostate and Bladder Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Schulpen

Brandt

2019

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Prostate cancer and urinary bladder cancer are frequently occurring cancers with few risk factors identified. We examined the relation of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence with risks of prostate and bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). Methods: Data were available for 58,279 men and 62,573 women, who completed a baseline questionnaire on diet and other cancer risk factors. Multiple MD scores, including the alternate Mediterranean diet score without alcohol (aMEDr), were calculated to assess MD adherence. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 3,868 prostate cancer cases (advanced: 1,256) and 1,884 bladder cancer cases could be included in multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results: aMEDr was not associated with advanced prostate cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR) per 2-point increment (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) ¼ 1.06 (0.96-1.17)]. In contrast, higher aMEDr values were associated with a significantly increased risk of nonadvanced prostate cancer (P trend ¼ 0.04). For bladder cancer risk, no association was observed with aMEDr [HR per 2-point increment (95% CI) ¼ 1.00 (0.92-1.09)]. Absolute scores based on the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary recommendations were not associated with prostate or bladder cancer risk. Conclusions: MD adherence, measured by aMEDr or other MD scores, was not associated with decreased risks of advanced prostate cancer and bladder cancer in the NLCS. Higher levels of care-seeking behavior, screening attendance, and prostate cancer awareness in higher educated men with healthier lifestyles could potentially explain the positive associations observed for nonadvanced prostate cancer risk. Impact: MD adherence does not seem to reduce the risk of (advanced) prostate cancer or bladder cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Prostate and Bladder Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Schulpen

Brandt

2019

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Countries following a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern (Italy, Greece, Spain, Malta and some regions of France) have been documented to have a lower incidence and mortality rate due to PC than northern European regions. In a population-based case-control study conducted in Southern Italy, a total of 118 patients with PC and 238 controls were examined; the controls had a significantly higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, following correction for confounding factors as age, body mass index, cigarette smoke, alcohol intake and physical activity (27).…”

Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols in cancer prevention: New insights (Review)

et al. 2020

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A huge volume of literature data suggests that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, mostly due to the contribution of natural polyphenols, could reduce the incidence of specific cancers. Resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin are among the most extensively studied polyphenols: The majority of the effects attributed to these compounds are linked to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The multiple mechanisms involved include the modulation of molecular events and signaling pathways associated with cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, hormonal activities, detoxification enzymes and immune responses. Notwithstanding their promising role in cancer prevention and treatment, polyphenols often have a poor bioavailability when administered as pure active principles, representing an important limit to their use. However, the bioavailability and thus the efficacy of these compounds can be improved by their administration in combination with other phytochemicals, with anticancer drugs or in polyphenol-loaded nanotechnology-based delivery systems. The possibility of combining conventional drugs with polyphenols offers very valuable advantages, such as the building of more efficient anticancer therapies with less side-effects on the health of patients. The present review focuses on current knowledge regarding the interactions between natural polyphenols and cancer development in order to gain a clearer comprehension of the potential mechanisms through which individual foods and food components may be exploited to reduce cancer risk. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Literature search 3. Classification of polyphenols 4. Prostate cancer 5. Colon cancer 6. Breast cancer 7. Lung cancer 8. Bladder cancer 9. Skin cancer 10. Pancreatic cancer 11. Leukemia 12. Conclusion

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“…Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, represented by a higher Mediterranean diet score (MDS) [8], has been associated with both lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers and lower risk of several types of cancer [9]. The high dietary intake of antioxidants, including polyphenols, associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, may inhibit multiple cancer-related biological pathways [10]. Thus, defining a dietary pattern to distinguish between inflammation and other mechanisms by which the diet might influence cancer risk, is desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The inflammatory potential of diet in determining cancer risk; A prospective investigation of two dietary pattern scores

Bodén¹,

Myte²,

Wennberg³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Purpose Inflammation-related mechanisms may contribute to the link between diet and cancer. We sought to investigate the inflammatory impact of diet on cancer risk using the Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and an adapted Mediterranean diet score (MDS). Methods This population-based, prospective cohort study used self-reported dietary data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, including 100,881 participants, of whom 35,393 had repeated measures. Associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also used restricted cubic splines to test for potential non-linear associations. Results A total of 9,250 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during a median follow-up of 15 years. The two dietary patterns were moderately correlated to each other and had similar associations with cancer risk, predominantly lung cancer in men (DII per tertile decrease: Hazard ratio (HR) 0.81 (0.66–0.99), MDS per tertile increase: HR 0.86 (0.72–1.03)), and gastric cancer in men (DII: 0.73 (0.53–0.99), MDS: 0.73 (0.56–0.96)). Associations were, in general, found to be linear. We found no longitudinal association between 10-year change in diet and cancer risk. Conclusion We confirm small, but consistent and statistically significant associations between a more anti-inflammatory or healthier diet and reduced risk of cancer, including a lower risk of lung and gastric cancer in men. The dietary indexes produced similar associations with respect to the risk of cancer.

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Adherence to Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer risk in Sicily: population-based case–control study

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Prostate and Bladder Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Prostate and Bladder Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Polyphenols in cancer prevention: New insights (Review)

The inflammatory potential of diet in determining cancer risk; A prospective investigation of two dietary pattern scores

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