Adherence patterns and virulence for Galleria mellonella larvae of isolates of Serratia marcescens

Chadwick, June S.; Caldwell, S.S.; Chadwick, Paul

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(90)90044-7

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…C). Because we and other researchers have observed that S. marcescens has high virulence in insects (Chadwick et al., ; Ishii et al., ), we assumed that this unusual phenomena was related to the pathogenesis of S. marcescens .…”

Section: Paralytic Peptide‐dependent Responses In Host‐pathogen Intermentioning

confidence: 83%

Paralytic Peptide: An Insect Cytokine That Mediates Innate Immunity

Ishii

Hamamoto

Sekimizu

2014

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Host animals combat invading pathogens by activating various immune responses. Modulation of the immune pathways by cytokines is critical for efficient pathogen elimination. Insects and mammals possess common innate immune systems, and individual immune pathways have been intensively studied over the last two decades. Relatively less attention, however, has been focused on the functions of cytokines in insect innate immunity. Here, we summarize our recent findings from studies of the insect cytokine, paralytic peptide, in the silkworm Bombyx mori. The content of this report was presented at the First Asian Invertebrate Immunity Symposium. Acute activation of paralytic peptide occurs via proteolysis after stimulation with the cell wall components of pathogens, leading to the induction of a wide range of cellular and humoral immune responses. The pathogenic bacterium Serratia marcescens suppresses paralytic peptide-dependent immune activation, which impairs host resistance. Studies of insect cytokines will broaden our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying the interaction between host innate immunity and pathogenic agents.

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Section: Paralytic Peptide‐dependent Responses In Host‐pathogen Intermentioning

confidence: 83%

Paralytic Peptide: An Insect Cytokine That Mediates Innate Immunity

Ishii

Hamamoto

Sekimizu

2014

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…1B). We and others have demonstrated that fewer than 10 colony-forming units of S. marcescens kills insects, including silkworms (15,25). We therefore hypothesized that the above phenomenon, suppression of the injurydependent reduction in hemocyte numbers by S. marcescens, is responsible for the high virulence of S. marcescens against silkworms.…”

Section: Decrease In Silkworm Hemocyte Number By Injury Stimulation Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Serratia marcescens Suppresses Host Cellular Immunity via the Production of an Adhesion-inhibitory Factor against Immunosurveillance Cells

Ishii

Adachi

Hamamoto

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Finally, several basic components essential for the bacterial infection process such as cell adhesion, resistance to antimicrobial peptides, tissue degradation and adaptation to oxidative stress are likely to be important in both insects and mammals 1 . Thus, insects are polyvalent tools for the identification and characterization of microbial virulence factors involved in mammalian infections.Larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella have been shown to provide a useful insight into the pathogenesis of a wide range of microbial infections including mammalian fungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans) and bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes or Enterococcus faecalis [4][5][6][7] . Regardless of the bacterial species, results obtained with Galleria larvae infected by direct injection through the cuticle consistently correlate with those of similar mammalian studies: bacterial strains that are attenuated in mammalian models demonstrate lower virulence in Galleria, and strains causing severe human infections are also highly virulent in the Galleria model [8][9][10][11] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Insect <em>Galleria mellonella</em> as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

Ramarao¹,

Nielsen-LeRoux²,

Lereclus³

2012

JoVE

246

233

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The study of bacterial virulence often requires a suitable animal model. Mammalian models of infection are costly and may raise ethical issues. The use of insects as infection models provides a valuable alternative. Compared to other non-vertebrate model hosts such as nematodes, insects have a relatively advanced system of antimicrobial defenses and are thus more likely to produce information relevant to the mammalian infection process. Like mammals, insects possess a complex innate immune system 1 . Cells in the hemolymph are capable of phagocytosing or encapsulating microbial invaders, and humoral responses include the inducible production of lysozyme and small antibacterial peptides 2,3 . In addition, analogies are found between the epithelial cells of insect larval midguts and intestinal cells of mammalian digestive systems. Finally, several basic components essential for the bacterial infection process such as cell adhesion, resistance to antimicrobial peptides, tissue degradation and adaptation to oxidative stress are likely to be important in both insects and mammals 1 . Thus, insects are polyvalent tools for the identification and characterization of microbial virulence factors involved in mammalian infections.Larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella have been shown to provide a useful insight into the pathogenesis of a wide range of microbial infections including mammalian fungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans) and bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes or Enterococcus faecalis [4][5][6][7] . Regardless of the bacterial species, results obtained with Galleria larvae infected by direct injection through the cuticle consistently correlate with those of similar mammalian studies: bacterial strains that are attenuated in mammalian models demonstrate lower virulence in Galleria, and strains causing severe human infections are also highly virulent in the Galleria model [8][9][10][11] . Oral infection of Galleria is much less used and additional compounds, like specific toxins, are needed to reach mortality.G. mellonella larvae present several technical advantages: they are relatively large (last instar larvae before pupation are about 2 cm long and weight 250 mg), thus enabling the injection of defined doses of bacteria; they can be reared at various temperatures (20 °C to 30 °C) and infection studies can be conducted between 15 °C to above 37 °C 12,13 , allowing experiments that mimic a mammalian environment. In addition, insect rearing is easy and relatively cheap. Infection of the larvae allows monitoring bacterial virulence by several means, including calculation of LD 50 14 , measurement of bacterial survival 15,16 and examination of the infection process 17 . Here, we describe the rearing of the insects, covering all life stages of G. mellonella. We provide a detailed protocol of infection by two routes of inoculation: oral and intra haemocoelic. The bacterial...

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Adherence patterns and virulence for Galleria mellonella larvae of isolates of Serratia marcescens

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Paralytic Peptide: An Insect Cytokine That Mediates Innate Immunity

Paralytic Peptide: An Insect Cytokine That Mediates Innate Immunity

Serratia marcescens Suppresses Host Cellular Immunity via the Production of an Adhesion-inhibitory Factor against Immunosurveillance Cells

The Insect <em>Galleria mellonella</em> as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

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