ADHD Prescription Medications and Their Effect on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Berezanskaya, Jenny; Cade, William H.; Best, Thomas M.; Paultre, Kristopher; Kienstra, Carolyn M.

doi:10.1186/s40798-021-00374-y

Cited by 13 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used by 2 authors(JL,WYL) to evaluated the quality of the studies independently [ 19 , 20 ]. Seven specific domains was addressed in Cochrane Collaboration tool, namely: random sequence generation; incomplete outcome data; allocation concealment; blinding of outcome assessment; blinding of participants and personal; selective reporting; and other issues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If I 2 > 50% and P < 0.5, has high test heterogeneity, and the random effects model is employed. When the results are similar, the random effect model is preferred, because some researchers believe that the random-effect model is a more natural choice than the fixed effect model in medical decision-making [ 19 , 22 ]. The fixed‐effect model and 95% CI [ 23 , 24 ] was used to analysis the results of the comparative tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of folic acid supplementation to halt and even reverse the progression of gastric precancerous conditions: a meta-analysis

Lei

Ren

et al. 2022

BMC Gastroenterol

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Background Current data indicate that supplements such as folic acid and vitamin B may be beneficial in halting and even reversing atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia, generally referred to as gastric precancerous conditions(GPC). However, there is no Meta-analysis article to evaluate the prevention and treatment of folic acid in the gastric precancerous conditions. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to confirm the efficacy of folic acid in treating GPC. Methods Using a systematic review method, consider randomized controlled trials (RCT), including clinical trial reports, unpublished clinical trial data, and conference papers. The search time was been set from the database’s establishment to June 2, 2021. The language was not limited, using PubMed, SinoMed, Lancet, Web of Science, CNKI, Cochrane, Ovid, Science Direct, Embase, and EBSCO databases. Data were extracted using a pre-designed extraction tool and analysis was undertaken using RevMan5.2.Besides,we use Origin software to construct the Time-dose interval analysis. Results Of the 225 records identified, 13 studies involving 1252 patients (including 11 clinical controlled trials, 1 conference paper report and 1 unpublished research report) met the inclusion conditions. Folic acid dose maintained at 20–30 mg / d for 3–6 months may be beneficial to pathological changes of GPC. Moreover, in the 3 month treatment of 5 trials, the effect was more obvious when the folic acid dose was maintained at 30 mg / d. In the 7 trials, the symptom ineffective rate of GPC treated with folic acid was 32% (RR:0.32, 95% confidence interval CI:0.21–0.48), which was combined using a fixed analysis model; The effect of folic acid on gastric mucosal atrophy in 5 trials (RR: 1.61, 95%CI 1.07–2.41). The changes of folic acid on intestinal metaplasia in the 2 experiments (RR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.32–2.37).The 2 results are combined using a fixed analytical model. However, the subgroup analysis of 9 trials revealed no significant effectiveness of symptom. Conclusions Our research showed that folic acid supplementation brings benefits in preventing and even reversing the progression of GPC in the stomach, and provided evidence for its potential clinical use in management of GPC. Registration: The logn number of our Meta-anlysis on PROSPERO is CRD420223062.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of folic acid supplementation to halt and even reverse the progression of gastric precancerous conditions: a meta-analysis

Lei

Ren

et al. 2022

BMC Gastroenterol

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“…Approximately 25-78% of adults with ADHD show positive response rates with stimulant medication (Smith, 2003;Minzenberg, 2012;Volkow and Swanson, 2013;Chabreck, 2015;Stewman et al, 2018;Berezanskaya et al, 2022) and treatment has been shown to sustain and improve attention, inhibition control, cognitive flexibility, planning, verbal learning, on-task behavior, and cognitive performance (Smith, 2003;Minzenberg, 2012;Volkow and Swanson, 2013;Chabreck, 2015;Stewman et al, 2018;Berezanskaya et al, 2022). The most prescribed medications for ADHD are amphetamines (A; i.e., Adderall, Vyvanse) and methylphenidate (MPH; i.e., Concerta, Ritalin) (Smith, 2003;Minzenberg, 2012;Volkow and Swanson, 2013;Chabreck, 2015;Stewman et al, 2018;Berezanskaya et al, 2022). Immediate-release formulations allow for multiple doses within the day (four maximum) and last up to 3-4 h (Smith, 2003;Minzenberg, 2012;Volkow and Swanson, 2013;Chabreck, 2015;Stewman et al, 2018;Berezanskaya et al, 2022).…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most prescribed medications for ADHD are amphetamines (A; i.e., Adderall, Vyvanse) and methylphenidate (MPH; i.e., Concerta, Ritalin) (Smith, 2003;Minzenberg, 2012;Volkow and Swanson, 2013;Chabreck, 2015;Stewman et al, 2018;Berezanskaya et al, 2022). Immediate-release formulations allow for multiple doses within the day (four maximum) and last up to 3-4 h (Smith, 2003;Minzenberg, 2012;Volkow and Swanson, 2013;Chabreck, 2015;Stewman et al, 2018;Berezanskaya et al, 2022). Extended-release formulations allow for one dose that releases the medication throughout the day with effects lasting 6-10 h (Smith, 2003;Minzenberg, 2012;Volkow and Swanson, 2013;Chabreck, 2015;Stewman et al, 2018;Berezanskaya et al, 2022).…”

Section: Pharmacology Of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by evident and persistent inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity and is the most common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder and may persist into adulthood in 30-65% of patients, whereby symptoms of inattentiveness appear to outweigh those of hyperactivity (Konrad and Eickhoff, 2010;Minzenberg, 2012;Volkow and Swanson, 2013;White et al, 2014;Chabreck, 2015;Choi et al, 2015;Poysophon and Rao, 2018;Pretus et al, 2018;Stewman et al, 2018;Mehren et al, 2019;Cipollone et al, 2020;Stibbe et al, 2020;Berezanskaya et al, 2022;Vázquez et al, 2022;Ágoston et al, 2022). Within the general population, ADHD affects 2-7% of adults and 4-8% of the elite athlete population (Minzenberg, 2012;Volkow and Swanson, 2013;White et al, 2014;Choi et al, 2015;Poysophon and Rao, 2018;Pretus et al, 2018;Stewman et al, 2018;Cipollone et al, 2020;Stibbe et al, 2020;Berezanskaya et al, 2022;Ágoston et al, 2022). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the most upto-date diagnostic tool for ADHD (Volkow and Swanson, 2013;White et al, 2014;Chabreck, 2015;Poysophon and Rao, 2018;Stewman et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The therapeutic potential of exercise and caffeine on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in athletes

Sogard

Mickleborough

2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by evident and persistent inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and social difficulties and is the most common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder, and which may persist into adulthood. Seventy to 80% of children and adults with ADHD are treated with stimulant medication, with positive response rates occurring for both populations. Medicated ADHD individuals generally show sustained and improved attention, inhibition control, cognitive flexibility, on-task behavior, and cognitive performance. The ethics of ADHD medication use in athletics has been a debated topic in sport performance for a long time. Stimulants are banned from competition in accordance with World Anti-Doping Association and National Collegiate Athletic Association regulations, due to their ability to not only enhance cognitive performance but also exercise performance. Limited research has been conducted looking at the differences in exercise performance variables in unmedicated ADHD verses medicated ADHD. Not all ADHD athletes choose stimulant medication in their treatment plan due to personal, financial, or other reasons. Non-stimulant treatment options include non-stimulant medication and behavioral therapy. However, the use of caffeinated compounds and exercise has both independently been shown to be effective in the management of ADHD symptoms in human studies and animal models. This mini review will discuss the effect of exercise and caffeine on neurobehavioral, cognitive, and neurophysiological factors, and exercise performance in ADHD athletes, and whether exercise and caffeine should be considered in the treatment plan for an individual with ADHD.

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Assessments of carbon and boron nitride graphdiyne nanosheets for exploring the amphetamine drug adsorbents/sensors along with density functional theory

Saadh,

Mohealdeen,

Hsu

et al. 2023

Chemical Physics Impact

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ADHD Prescription Medications and Their Effect on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Use of folic acid supplementation to halt and even reverse the progression of gastric precancerous conditions: a meta-analysis

Use of folic acid supplementation to halt and even reverse the progression of gastric precancerous conditions: a meta-analysis

The therapeutic potential of exercise and caffeine on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in athletes

Assessments of carbon and boron nitride graphdiyne nanosheets for exploring the amphetamine drug adsorbents/sensors along with density functional theory

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