ADHD-like symptoms and attachment in internationally adopted children

Abrines, Neus; Barcons, Natàlia; Marre, Diana; Brun, Carme; Fornieles, Albert; Fumadó, Victòria

doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.691656

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…They also help document the role of individual, family and cultural risk factors in adoptees' behavioral adaptation. Lower levels of behavioral adjustment have been found to be predicted by age of adoption [53] and other risk factors, such as current age, single parenthood and culture of origin [1,17,75]. More specifically, ADHD seems to increase with the age of adoption, suggesting that exposure to early attachment deprivation provokes self-regulatory deficits, thus increasing children's vulnerability to ADHD symptoms [20,37,54].…”

Section: Adhd In Adopteesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another way of thinking about ADHD: the predictive role of early attachment deprivation in adolescents’ level of symptoms

Roskam

Stiévenart

Tessier

et al. 2013

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent disorders in childhood and adolescence. Both neurocognitive and environmental factors have been related to ADHD. The current study contributes to the documentation of the predictive relation between early attachment deprivation and ADHD. Method Data were collected from 641 adopted adolescents (53.2 % girls) aged 11-16 years in five countries, using the DSM oriented scale for ADHD of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach and Rescorla, Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth and Families, Burlington, 2001). The influence of attachment deprivation on ADHD symptoms was initially tested taking into consideration several key variables that have been reported as influencing ADHD at the adoptee level (age, gender, length of time in the adoptive family, parents' educational level and marital status), and at the level of the country of origin and country of adoption (poverty, quality of health services and values). The analyses were computed using the multilevel modeling technique.Results The results showed that an increase in the level of ADHD symptoms was predicted by the duration of exposure to early attachment deprivation, estimated from the age of adoption, after controlling for the influence of adoptee and country variables. The effect of the age of adoption was also demonstrated to be specific to the level of ADHD symptoms in comparison to both the externalizing and internalizing behavior scales of the CBCL. Conclusion Deprivation of stable and sensitive care in infancy may have long-lasting consequences for children's development.

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Section: Adhd In Adopteesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another way of thinking about ADHD: the predictive role of early attachment deprivation in adolescents’ level of symptoms

Roskam

Stiévenart

Tessier

et al. 2013

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, multiple studies have shown that boys are at increased risk for developing inattentive=overactive behaviors after institutional care (Gunnar et al, 2012;Lindblad et al, 2010;Miller, Chan, Tirella, & Perrin, 2009;Roy et al, 2004;Sonuga-Barke & Rubia, 2008;Wiik et al, 2011), and in longitudinal studies, boys have shown less recovery of inattentive=overac-tive behaviors over time (Stevens et al, 2008). However, other research has suggested that gender is not a significant predictor related to attention and hyperactivity (Abrines et al, 2012;Audet & Le Mare, 2010;BarconsCastel et al, 2011;Colvert, Rutter, Kreppner, et al, 2008;Merz & McCall, 2010;Merz et al, 2013). In contrast, child-specific factors including birth weight and prenatal risk factors seem largely unrelated to inattentive= overactive behaviors in internationally adopted children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In addition to cognitive outcomes, inattentive=overac-tive behaviors have been linked with disinhibited attachment behaviors, even when controlling for factors such as intelligence or duration of deprivation (Abrines et al, 2012;Kreppner et al, 2001;Kumsta, Kreppner, et al, 2010;Roy et al, 2004;Stevens et al, 2008). This association has largely been examined by the English and Romanian Adoptees Study Group in looking at the overlap between several of their deprivation-specific psychological patterns (Kreppner et al, 2001;Kumsta, Kreppner, et al, 2010;Stevens et al, 2008).…”

Section: Associations Between Inattentive= Overactive Behaviors and Omentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To address the first aim, predictors with previous research support, including older age at adoption, longer time in the adoptive home, male gender, and adoption from countries with poorer-quality orphanage care (i.e., Eastern Europe and Russia; Abrines et al, 2012;Barcons-Castel et al, 2011;Gunnar et al, 2007Gunnar et al, , 2012Lindblad et al, 2010), were examined. It was hypothesized that these factors would be significantly associated with more parent-reported problems with hyperactivity and attention.…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adoption demographic predictors, such as institutional caregiving as opposed to foster care (Loman et al, 2013;McDermott et al, 2012;Merz & McCall, 2010;Roy & Rutter, 2006) and adoption from countries with profoundly depriving orphanage care, such as Eastern Europe and Russia (Abrines et al, 2012;Barcons-Castel et al, 2011;Gunnar et al, 2007Gunnar et al, , 2012Lindblad et al, 2010), are consistently linked to a greater risk for inattentive=overactive difficulties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Predictors and Correlates of Inattentive/Overactive Behaviors in Internationally Adopted Children

Helder

Brooker

Kapitula

et al. 2016

Applied Neuropsychology: Child

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Children adopted internationally following deprived early care have an elevated risk for difficulties with inattention/overactivity (Kreppner et al., 2001 ). The current study sought to identify predictors of inattention/overactivity and child and adoptive family challenges that co-occur with inattention/overactivity difficulties in a sample of internationally adopted children. Forty-eight children (mean age at adoption = 57.98 months, SD = 47.7 months) were examined at 3 yearly assessments, which included semistructured interviews, parent ratings, and neuropsychological assessment with children. Results revealed that older age at adoption, longer time in the adoptive home, and smaller family size were associated with greater parent-rated difficulties with inattention/overactivity. Additionally, greater inattention/overactivity difficulties were associated with poorer expressive language and reading performance, poorer child emotional-behavioral outcomes, and poorer adoptive family functioning. Given the increase in difficulties over time in the adoptive home, longer-term follow-up may be helpful to ensure appropriate intervention. Additionally, interventions may need to be more comprehensive given the connection between inattentive/overactive behaviors and other areas of functioning.

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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Children Adopted from Poland and their Atypical Association Patterns: a Bayesian Approach

Maat

Knuiman

Rijk

et al. 2017

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Although high rates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have been observed among internationally adopted children, research on these symptoms in Polish adoptees is lacking. Therefore, we examined ADHD symptoms in Polish adoptees and their relationship to pre-adoptive risk factors, that is, time in institutional care, early deprivation, and prenatal alcohol exposure. We further compared the association patterns and gender distribution of ADHD symptoms in children adopted from Poland to those reported in the literature for ADHD symptoms in non-adopted children. Dutch adoptive parents of 121 Polish adoptees (52% boys; M age = 10.9 years, range 6.2–15.6; M ageadoption = 3.0 years, range 0.8–6.9) completed questionnaires regarding ADHD symptoms, pre-adoptive risk factors, attachment problems, conduct problems, and executive functioning deficits. Bayesian evaluation of informative hypotheses showed that Polish adoptees had increased levels of ADHD symptoms, compared to Dutch children in the general population. Time in institutional care, early deprivation, and prenatal alcohol exposure were not associated with ADHD symptoms. ADHD symptoms in Polish adoptees were more strongly associated with attachment problems and executive functioning deficits, but less strongly with conduct problems, compared to ADHD symptoms in non-adoptees. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms were more equally distributed among boys and girls than they are in non-adopted children. The findings indicate that Polish adoptees and their adoptive parents need special attention and support. The dissimilarities between ADHD symptoms in Polish adoptees and non-adoptees might indicate a different underlying causal mechanism, which may have important implications for clinical practice.

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ADHD-like symptoms and attachment in internationally adopted children

Cited by 28 publications

References 50 publications

Another way of thinking about ADHD: the predictive role of early attachment deprivation in adolescents’ level of symptoms

Another way of thinking about ADHD: the predictive role of early attachment deprivation in adolescents’ level of symptoms

Predictors and Correlates of Inattentive/Overactive Behaviors in Internationally Adopted Children

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Children Adopted from Poland and their Atypical Association Patterns: a Bayesian Approach

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