ADHD from a socio‐economic perspective

Bernfort, Lars; Nordfeldt, S.; Persson, Jan

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00611.x

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Understanding whether such a gradient exists for young adults with ADHD could have important implications. As previous research has found that diagnosis is associated with multiple secondary symptoms that impact health, quality of life, and productivity, [6][7][8] very poor health and social outcomes in this subpopulation would be anticipated if young adults from lower SES backgrounds are more likely to receive ADHD diagnoses. Such findings would strengthen the argument for enhancing …”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Lifetime Prevalence of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Adults: Examining Variations in the Socioeconomic Gradient

et al. 2015

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Objective: It has only recently been accepted that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists into adulthood. Accordingly, less is known about adult diagnostic and treatment prevalence. We aimed to determine the lifetime prevalence of ADHD diagnosis and psychostimulant prescriptions for young adults in the province of Manitoba and to explore how diagnosis differs according to sociodemographic characteristics and age at diagnosis; and to investigate whether a socioeconomic gradient exists within young adults with a lifetime ADHD diagnosis, as well as the variables that moderate the gradient. Regression analyses tested for differences in rates by sex, region, age, age at diagnosis, and socioeconomic status.Results: Lifetime prevalence for ADHD diagnosis (7.11%) and psychostimulant prescriptions (3.09%) differed according to sex, region, and age. In contrast to previous Manitoban research on childhood ADHD, the socioeconomic gradient for ADHD diagnosis was not found in young adulthood. When region was accounted for, a small negative gradient in the urban population and a positive gradient in the rural population were evident. People from the highest income quintile were significantly less likely to be diagnosed before age 18, compared with other income quintiles. Conclusions:Given the high lifetime prevalence of ADHD in Manitoban young adults and significant socioeconomic correlates for diagnosis, further investigation into the trajectory of this relatively unexplored population is recommended. W W W Prévalence de durée de vie du trouble de déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité chez les jeunes adultes : examen des variations du gradient socioéconomiqueObjectif : Ce n'est que récemment qu'il a été convenu que le trouble de déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) persiste à l'âge adulte. Conformément, nous en savons moins sur la prévalence du diagnostic adulte et du traitement. Nous avons cherché à déterminer la prévalence de durée de vie du diagnostic de TDAH et des prescriptions de psychostimulants pour les jeunes adultes de la province du Manitoba, et à explorer comment le diagnostic diffère selon les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et l'âge au moment du diagnostic. Nous voulions aussi rechercher s'il existe un gradient

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confidence: 96%

Lifetime Prevalence of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Adults: Examining Variations in the Socioeconomic Gradient

et al. 2015

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“…Although ADHD is classically considered a disorder of children and adolescents, only a subset of affected individuals remit Faraone et al, 2006), and the prevalence in adults lies between 1 and 4% (Kessler et al, 2006;Polanczyk et al, 2007;Kooij et al, 2005). ADHD in adults causes a considerable burden to patients, their families, and society as a whole (Kessler et al, 2005a;Goodman, 2007;Bernfort et al, 2008). Adult patients have difficulties in social, educational, and professional fields, such as developing and maintaining stable social relationships, completing educational programs, and holding jobs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicenter Analysis of the SLC6A3/DAT1 VNTR Haplotype in Persistent ADHD Suggests Differential Involvement of the Gene in Childhood and Persistent ADHD

Franke

Vásquez

Johansson

et al. 2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

168

156

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders with a worldwide prevalence around 4-5% in children and 1-4% in adults. Although ADHD is highly heritable and familial risk may contribute most strongly to the persistent form of the disorder, there are few studies on the genetics of ADHD in adults. In this paper, we present the first results of the International Multicentre Persistent ADHD Genetics CollaboraTion (IMpACT) that has been set up with the goal of performing research into the genetics of persistent ADHD. In this study, we carried out a combined analysis as well as a meta-analysis of the association of the SLC6A3/DAT1 gene with persistent ADHD in 1440 patients and 1769 controls from IMpACT and an earlier report. DAT1, encoding the dopamine transporter, is one of the most frequently studied genes in ADHD, though results have been inconsistent. A variable number tandem repeat polymorphism (VNTR) in the 3 0 -untranslated region (UTR) of the gene and, more recently, a haplotype of this VNTR with another VNTR in intron 8 have been the target of most studies. Although the 10/10 genotype of the 3 0 -UTR VNTR and the 10-6 haplotype of the two VNTRs are thought to be risk factors for ADHD in children, we found the 9/9 genotype and the 9-6 haplotype associated with persistent ADHD. In conclusion, a differential association of DAT1 with ADHD in children and in adults might help explain the inconsistencies observed in earlier association studies. However, the data might also imply that DAT1 has a modulatory rather than causative role in ADHD.

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“…Longitudinal studies have shown that it persists in 50 to 65% of cases to adulthood (Barkley, 1990;Biederman et al, 1996;Weiss, 1993). Addictions, as well as ADHD, are associated with occupational and interpersonal difficulties, increased crime, a greater propensity to have traffic accidents and poorer quality of life in general (Adler, 2008;Barkley, 2002;Bernfort, Nordfeldt, & Persson, 2008;Biederman et al, 1993;Fischer, Barkley, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2002;Goksøyr & Nøttestad, 2008;Harwood & Myers, 2004).…”

Section: Metodologíamentioning

confidence: 99%

Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad y dependencia de sustancias depresoras. Una revisión

et al. 2013

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Resumen AbstractThe comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders is very common. A review of literature addressing prevalence, clinical features and treatment of the comorbidity between ADHD and CNS depressants was conducted. The prevalences found have a wide range (4.5% to 58%). ADHD has been associated with greater severity of addiction, early onset of consumption and addiction, more psychiatric comorbidity and more chronicity. In drug-dependent patients the diagnosis is a complex process because the frequent overlap of symptoms. The screening instruments should be used with caution.Drug therapy has shown efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms, but there is no consensus regarding their influence on substance use.However, results should be interpreted cautiously, because the samples are small. Psychoeducational interventions are relevant, but treatment outcomes have not been described or studied systematically.Key Words: ADHD, addictions, alcohol, cannabis, opioids.Existe una elevada comorbilidad entre el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y los trastornos por uso de sustancias. Se revisa la literatura sobre la prevalencia, características clínicas y tratamiento de la comorbilidad del TDAH con la dependencia de sustancias depresoras del SNC. Las prevalencias encontradas presentan amplia variabilidad (4,5% a 58%). El TDAH se asocia a una mayor gravedad de la adicción, menor edad de inicio del consumo y de la adicción, mayor presencia de otros trastornos psicopatológicos y mayor cronicidad. En pacientes drogodependientes el diagnóstico es un proceso complejo por el frecuente solapamiento de síntomas. Los instrumentos de cribado se deben utilizar con precaución.El tratamiento farmacológico ha mostrado eficacia en la reducción de los síntomas del TDAH y no hay consenso respecto a su influencia sobre el consumo. Sin embargo, los resultados se deben interpretar con cautela, porque las muestras son pequeñas. Las intervenciones psicoeducativas son relevantes, pero no se han descrito, ni estudiado sistemáticamente los resultados de este tipo de intervenciones.

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ADHD from a socio‐economic perspective

Abstract: Existing literature supports the conclusion that ADHD and related disorders are associated with a considerable societal burden. To estimate that burden with any accuracy, more detailed long-term data are needed.

Cited by 82 publications

References 48 publications

Lifetime Prevalence of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Adults: Examining Variations in the Socioeconomic Gradient

Lifetime Prevalence of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Adults: Examining Variations in the Socioeconomic Gradient

Multicenter Analysis of the SLC6A3/DAT1 VNTR Haplotype in Persistent ADHD Suggests Differential Involvement of the Gene in Childhood and Persistent ADHD

Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad y dependencia de sustancias depresoras. Una revisión

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