ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Wolraich, Mark L.; Hagan, Joseph F.; Allan, Carla; Chan, Eugenia; Davison, Dale; Earls, Marian F.; Evans, Steven W.; Flinn, Susan K.; Froehlich, Tanya E.; Frost, Jennifer; Holbrook, Joseph; Lehmann, Christoph U.; Lessin, Herschel R.; Okechukwu, Kymika; Pierce, Karen; Winner, Jonathan D.; Zurhellen, William; Children, Subcommittee On; Disorder, Hyperactive

doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2654

Cited by 1,552 publications

(636 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Pharmacotherapy has been shown to reduce ADHD symptoms, and reports also suggest that it can improve outcomes such as academic performance, self-esteem, and social functioning [5]. According to practice guidelines, drug treatment for ADHD should be continued for as long as it remains clinically effective and should be monitored regularly [6,7]. Results from studies in Canada and the UK have shown that up to 80% of individuals persisted with their ADHD medication for 1 year and 60% remained on treatment after 2 years [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with ADHD

Huß

Dirks

et al. 2018

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Data are reported from SPD503-318, a phase 3, open-label, safety study of guanfacine extended release (GXR) in European children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants received dose-optimized GXR (1-7 mg/day) for up to 2 years. Of 215 enrolled participants, 214 were included in the safety population and 133 completed the study. Participants' mean age was 11.7 years and 73.8% were male. Overall, 177 participants (82.7%) experienced a treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). TEAEs reported in at least 10% of participants were somnolence (36.0%), headache (28.5%), fatigue (20.1%), and nasopharyngitis (11.7%). Serious TEAEs were reported in 4.7% of participants and TEAEs leading to discontinuation were reported in 3.3% of participants. There were no deaths. Mean z-scores for BMI were stable throughout the study. The incidence of sedative TEAEs (somnolence, sedation, and hypersomnia) peaked during week 3 and decreased thereafter. Small changes from baseline to the final assessment in mean supine pulse [− 5.5 bpm (standard deviation, 12.98)] and blood pressure [systolic, 0.6 mmHg (9.32); diastolic, 0.2 mmHg (9.17)] were reported. ADHD symptoms initially decreased and remained significantly lower than baseline at study endpoint. At the final assessment, the mean change in ADHD-RS-IV total score from baseline was − 19.8 (standard error of mean, 0.84; nominal p < 0.0001). In conclusion, GXR was well tolerated and more than 60% of participants completed the 2-year study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with ADHD

Huß

Dirks

et al. 2018

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…Tedavi kılavuzları OÖ-DEHB tanılı çocuklarda ikinci sıra tedavi seçeneği olarak metilfenidat tedavisi başlanabileceğini bildirmektedir (10,(14)(15)(16) . Ancak, OÖ-DEHB'li çocuklarda metilfenidatın etkinliğinin düşük ve yan etkinin daha fazla olması nedeniyle yıkıcı davranım sorunlarında ve dürtüsel davranış-larda FDA (Amerikan İlaç Birliği) tarafından 3 yaştan itibaren kullanımına onam verilen Risperidon klinik kullanımda sık tercih edilen ilaç seçenekle-rinden biri olmuştur (14) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Amerikan Pediatri Akademisi (AAP), Okul Öncesi Psikofarmakoloji Çalışma Grubu, ve NICE kılavuzu gibi tedavi kılavuzları OÖ-DEHB tanılı çocuklarda ilk seçenek olarak psikososyal yaklaşımları önermek-tedir. Bu yaklaşımlardan yararlanmayan ve daha ciddi belirtileri olan çocuklarda ilaç tedavisi başlana-bileceğini bildirmektedir (10,(14)(15)(16) . Psikososyal yaklaşımların kolay ulaşılabilir olmaması, uzun zaman alması, ebeveynlerin bu tedaviye uyum sorunları ve maliyetinin yüksek olması nedeniyle uygulanabilirliğinde güçlükler mevcuttur (17) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The prevalance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the frequency of medication use among preschool children in a district children hospital

Kutlu¹,

Binici²

2017

BUCH

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Bir bölge çocuk hastanesinde okul öncesi dikkat eksikliği, hiperaktivite bozukluğu prevalansı ve ilaç kullanım sıklığıThe prevalance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the frequency of medication use among preschool children in a district children hospital Yöntem: Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve hastalıkları polikliniklerine başvuran ve ICD-10 tanı kriterlerine göre DEHB tanısı konan 36-60 ay yaş aralığındaki çocukları dosyaları taranmıştır. Mental retardasyon, duygudurum bozuklukları, anksiyete bozuklukları, otizm spektrum bozuklukları, kronik tıbbi hastalık ve dosyalarda eksik veri olan çocuklar çalışma dışında bırakılmıştır. Bulgular: 218 DEHB tanılı okul öncesi çocuk çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. DEHB prevalansı okul öncesi çocuklarda %7,8'dir. Hastaların 61'inde (%28) bir komorbid hastalık vardır ve %32,1 oranında en sık eştanı yıkıcı davranış bozuklukları (karşıt olma, karşı gelme bozukluğu+davranım bozukluğu) olmuştur. Psikososyal tedavi olguların 116 (%53,2) iken, 102 (%46,8) çocuğa psikofarmakolojik tedavi başlanmıştır İlaç tedavisi olarak en sık önerilen psikofarmakolojik ajan risperidon olmuştur. Otuz altı-kırk sekiz ay yaş grubuna göre 49-60 ay yaş grubunda daha fazla komorbidite saptanmış ve ilaç tedavisinin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Eştanı sayısının fazlalığı ilaç tedavisi seçeneğini tercih etmede belirleyici olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Psikosoyal tedavi ilk sırada tedavi seçeneği olsa da ilaç tedavisi de gerekli gibi görünmek-tedir. İlk sırada tercih edilen psikofarmakolojik ajan Risperidon olmuştur. İlaç tedavisini tercih edilmesinde daha büyük yaş ve eştanı sayısının fazlalığı belirleyici gibi görünmektedir.Anahtar kelimeler: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, okulöncesi dönem, yaygınlık, eştanı, psikofarmakoloji ABSTRACT Objective: This study analyzed the prevelance of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and frequency of medication use among preschool children in a district children hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2016. Methods: We reviewed the medical files of children who admitted to the outpatient clinics of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry within the age range of 36 to 60 months, diagnosed with preschool ADHD (PS-ADHD) according to ICD-10 criteria. Children with comorbid intellectual disability, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorders and chronic medical disorders were excluded from the study. Medical files with incomplete data were not included in the analysis. Results: The study sample consisted of 218 preschool children with ADHD. The prevalance of ADHD among preschool children was 7.8 percent Sixty-one (28%) patients had at least one comorbid disorder and the disruptive behaviour disorders (oppositional defiant and conduct disorder) were the most common diagnoses with tha rate of 32.1 percent. Treatment with psychosocial interventions was applied to 116 (53.2%) children, whereas 102 (46.8%) children were started on pharmacotherapy. Risperidone was the most prescribed medication at a rate of 98%. In children withi...

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“…Four years was chosen as the lower limit of age to consider ADHD, based upon established clinical practice guidelines. [33] 2.3 Primary outcome ADHD prevalence was ascertained by asking caregivers "Has a doctor or other health care provider ever told you that (child's name) had Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, that is, ADD or ADHD? "…”

Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

Derauf

Pandey

Liesinger

et al. 2015

JER

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Objective: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors. Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002). Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level). Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.

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ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 1,552 publications

References 57 publications

Long-term safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with ADHD

Long-term safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with ADHD

The prevalance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the frequency of medication use among preschool children in a district children hospital

Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

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