ADHD and Genetics: A Consensus Reconsidered

Joseph, Jay

doi:10.1007/978-1-137-02058-1_3

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Talking about “heterogeneous,” “multifactorial,” or “complex” in psychiatry is synonymous today with lack of specific genetic evidence ( Joseph, 2009 , p. 72). These expressions sneakily suggest the genetic condition of a disorder by implying a complicated involvement of numerous genes, with no more evidence than thin correlational associations.…”

Section: Rhetoric and Metaphysics Of The Adhd Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Four Causes of ADHD: Aristotle in the Classroom

Pérez‐Álvarez

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most well-established and at the same time controversial disorders to the extreme of being placed in doubt. In the first of two parts, the established position is critically reviewed, beginning with showing fallacious reasoning on which the diagnosis is based, lacking clinical proof. Similarly, a certain rhetoric and metaphysics in genetic and neurobiological research is highlighted, where, for example, a meager accumulation of data is offered as robust conclusions, and correlates and correlations as causes and bases. However, that may be, the controversy is silenced in a dialog of the deaf between “defenders” and “critics.” with no way out in sight in empirical and scientific terms. A new meta-scientific position is necessary to analyze the science of ADHD itself and its social uses. In this respect, the second part introduces Aristotle’s four causes, material, formal, efficient, final, as an instrument of enquiry. According to this analysis, ADHD is not the pretended clinical entity as presented, but a practical entity providing a variety of functions. The implications would be rather different from the usual.

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Section: Rhetoric and Metaphysics Of The Adhd Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Four Causes of ADHD: Aristotle in the Classroom

Pérez‐Álvarez

2017

Front. Psychol.

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“…For example, Barkley and the co-endorsers (2004) of the International Consensus Statement make a lot of the contention that ADHD is a strongly heritable condition (see also Nigg, 2006). Although this has been disputed (Joseph, 2009), its eventual truth would not prove that ADHD always, or even particularly frequently, must be symptomatic of any underlying dysfunction. Evolutionary considerations help us understand why this is so.…”

Section: Must Adhd Always Indicate Underlying Disorder?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Why Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Is Not a True Medical Syndrome

Lindstrøm¹

2012

Ethical Hum Psychol Psychiatry

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Critics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have repeatedly argued that there is no proof for the condition being symptomatic of an organic brain disease and that the current "ADHD epidemic" is an expression of medicalization. To this, the supporters of ADHD can retort that the condition is only defined as a mental disorder and not a physical disease. As such, ADHD needs only be a harmful mental dysfunction, which, like other genuine disorders, can have a complex and obscure etiology. This article argues that such a line of argument fails to save ADHD as a valid diagnostic category. Given the general diagnostic logic of the DSM-IV and how ADHD has been defined in terms of everyday (male) child behaviors, there are compelling grounds to disbelieve that ADHD can be a true medical syndrome united by some type of harmful dysfunction. Indeed, strong logical and empirical reasons will be adduced to show that people may qualify for ADHD diagnosis without suffering from any type of underlying pathology.

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“…However, this is rarely the case (see below). Thus, for example, the already greatly flawed and limited ADHD adoption studies (for a critique, see Joseph, 2000Joseph, , 2006Joseph, , 2009 are further flawed by the finding that adoptees are more likely than non-adoptees to receive an ADHD diagnosis (Deutsch, 1989;Deutsch et al, 1982;Tully, Iacono, & McGue, 2008).…”

Section: Representativenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Research in Psychiatry and Psychology

Joseph¹

2010

Handbook of Developmental Science, Behavior, and Genetics

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IntroductionThe current consensus position in psychiatry and psychology is that, in addition to environmental factors, genes play an important role in causing psychiatric disorders and variation in ''continuously distributed'' psychological traits (such as personality and IQ). The fields of psychiatric genetics and behavior genetics have produced much of the research supporting this position, which consists of two broad areas of investigation. The first explores how a trait is distributed among various types of biologically related (and sometimes unrelated) people. The most common approaches have been the studies of families, of twins, and of people who have been adopted. These methods are sometimes grouped together under the heading kinship research. The second area is molecular genetic research, which attempts to pin down the actual genes that researchers believe underlie various traits and disorders.Contrary to most academic and popular accounts of this research, in this chapter we will see that studies of families, twins, and adoptees are greatly flawed on several critical dimensions. Moreover, countless sensationalized media reports notwithstanding, researchers have failed to discover the genes they believe underlie DSM-defined psychiatric disorders, and normal variation in psychological traits. Due to space considerations, we will look only at the most frequently cited research methods.If a trait is caused or influenced by hereditary factors, we would expect to find a greater concentration of it among members of the same family, roughly proportional to their degree of genetic relatedness. For example, first-degree biological relatives (such as the siblings, children, or parents of an individual) should manifest the trait more often, or resemble each other to a greater degree, than second-degree

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ADHD and Genetics: A Consensus Reconsidered

Cited by 15 publications

References 104 publications

The Four Causes of ADHD: Aristotle in the Classroom

The Four Causes of ADHD: Aristotle in the Classroom

Why Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Is Not a True Medical Syndrome

Genetic Research in Psychiatry and Psychology

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