Adequacy of handwashing facilities in public toilets in Dunedin, New Zealand

Norris, Pauline; Choi, Thomas; Lee, Rebekah; Lu, Alan; Png, Charity; Yang, Sharon; Priest, Patricia

doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00859.x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In urban area and in high-educated groups, the fact that not handwashing frequency is higher due to environmental reasons might be the result of including the opinions of people about handwashing situations outside the house and in public places (work, restaurant, cafe, general toilets and so on). The decisiveness of the environmental conditions such as hygiene level and appropriateness of handwashing materials are mentioned in studies conducted in publicly available handwashing places [38,42]. The result of our study about the urban habitation areas gain significance since Turkey is a country progressing in urbanization process.…”

Section: The Change Of Not Handwashing Reasonsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Turkey Handwashing Survey: suggestion for taking the ecological model into better consideration

Tüzün

Karakaya

Deniz

2015

Environ Health Prev Med

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Section: The Change Of Not Handwashing Reasonsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Turkey Handwashing Survey: suggestion for taking the ecological model into better consideration

Tüzün

Karakaya

Deniz

2015

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…11 14 Another study of toilets in one New Zealand city (mainly at cafés and public facilities), found that some had no handwashing facilities (2%) and no soap (13%). 15 Within this sample, the lack of soap was highest in the public toilets at 38%. Another New Zealand study of primary school toilets also reported that only 28% had facilities meeting the relevant code of practice ie, there was a lack of hot water, lack of drying facilities and lack of soap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Deficient hand washing facilities in public toilets in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in one high-income country

Wilson

Thomson

2021

Preprint

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AimsTo identify the extent of the provision of water and soap for hand washing in public toilets at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To also make comparisons with a pre-pandemic survey that included a sample of the same facilities.MethodsWe collected data from 400 toilets that were open to the public; all those in three contiguous city council territories (228) and a further convenience sample of 172 around the rest of New Zealand. Comparisons were made with the data on the same facilities included in a 2012/2013 survey.ResultsFor all the toilets in this survey, 2.5% had no water for hand washing and 14.8% had no soap. There was COVID-19 related health messaging signage in 19.5% of toilets, with posters of the COVID-19 QR code used to facilitate contact tracing in 12.3%, and generic hand washing signage in 1.8%. The hand washing water had “no touch” activation at 28.0% of toilets and at 18.5% for toilet bowl flushing. Toilet bowl lids were not present at 32.8%, and 2.3% of toilets had damage which would impair their functionality (eg, broken toilet seats). For the 128 sites that had also been examined in the previous survey, this new survey found significantly increased provision of soap (risk ratio = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.25 to 1.72), but no increased provision of water.ConclusionsDespite the serious threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of hand washing facilities in public toilets sampled required tap touching, and did not have health messaging. Nevertheless there has been some modest improvements in soap (but not water) provision since the previous survey eight years before.

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Adequacy of handwashing facilities in public toilets in Dunedin, New Zealand

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Turkey Handwashing Survey: suggestion for taking the ecological model into better consideration

Turkey Handwashing Survey: suggestion for taking the ecological model into better consideration

Deficient hand washing facilities in public toilets in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in one high-income country

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