Adequação da ingestão de macronutrientes e micronutrientes e sua relação com o estado nutricional em um grupo de idosos frequentadores do centro de atenção à saúde do idoso e cuidador da UFF/RJ

Abstract

The elderly population is one of the age groups most at risk for malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies due to the decline in cognitive and physiological functions that impair food intake and nutrient metabolism. Thus, it is necessary to monitor and characterize dietary practices and their determinants in this population, with a view to preventing nutritional disorders and related diseases. The objectives were to evaluate whether the intake of macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and lipids) and micronutrients (calcium and vitamin D) by the elderly were in accordance with the recommendations, and to verify the relationship of anthropometric variables with nutrients. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. This is a cross-sectional study with 34 patients, aged over 60 years, of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist, neck and hip) were performed. The 24-hour dietary recall was used to calculate nutrient intake and the prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) values as the cutoff point. Thirty-four volunteers participated in the study, 30 women (88.2%) and 4 men (11.7%). The mean age was 72.37 ± 13.27 years, BMI was 28.47 ± 4.45 kg / m², which characterizes overweight in the sample. Regarding macronutrients they were adequate in relation to the recommendations, being proteins (20.7%), carbohydrates (52.7%), and lipids (26.6%). Calcium intake among women had a 41.66% adequacy percentage similar to that of men, which was 41.84%. Regarding vitamin D we found 12.66% adequacy for both. Vitamin D intake showed a significant inverse correlation with waist circumference (r =-0.3718), BMI (r =-0.4919) and neck circumference (r =-0.4038), and calcium with the perimeter of the neck (r =-0,4129). Although macronutrients were adequate, the intake of the studied micronutrients was below the recommendation, and these values are related to the body fat predictors of the population.