Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy, Vaccination and Cancer Gene Therapy

Abstract

Adenovirus vectors are the most commonly employed vector for cancer gene therapy. They are also used for gene therapy and as vaccines to express foreign antigens. Adenovirus vectors can be replication-defective; certain essential viral genes are deleted and replaced by a cassette that expresses a foreign therapeutic gene. Such vectors are used for gene therapy, as vaccines, and for cancer therapy. Replication-competent (oncolytic) vectors are employed for cancer gene therapy. Oncolytic vectors are engineered to replicate preferentially in cancer cells and to destroy cancer cells through the natural process of lytic virus replication. Many clinical trials indicate that replication-defective and replication-competent adenovirus vectors are safe and have therapeutic activity.

Nano-sized carriers in gene therapy for renal fibrosisin vivo

“…Adenoviral vectors can deliver and transfect genes into both dividing and non-dividing cells [55]. Adenoviral vectors are double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA viral vectors, 70–90 nm in diameter, with a genome of 36–38 kb [55,56].…”

“…Adenoviral vectors are double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA viral vectors, 70–90 nm in diameter, with a genome of 36–38 kb [55,56]. Adenoviral vectors designed for expression of TGF-β 1 type II receptor, which is a competitive inhibitor of TGF-β 1 , were injected into hindlimb muscles of a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy [35].…”

“…Although adenoviral vectors have shown successful gene delivery to the kidney for the treatment of renal fibrosis, there is room for improvement as a carrier of gene therapy. The exogenous genes delivered using adenoviral vectors do not integrate into the host genome and do not replicate during cell division, resulting in short periods of gene expression of the targeted cells [55]. To overcome this drawback of the adenoviral vector, AAV vectors have been developed [58].…”

Nano-sized carriers in gene therapy for peritoneal fibrosisin vivo

“…Adenoviral vectors are double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA viral vectors of 70–90 nm in diameter, with a genome of 36–38 kb [46,47]. Transgenes can be inserted into the DNA sequence of adenoviral vectors [46,47], which are then transfected into cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis [46,47]. Adenoviral vectors have many advantages in terms of gene delivery, including high transduction efficiency and a large capacity for transgene insertion into their DNA.…”

“…Adenoviral vectors have many advantages in terms of gene delivery, including high transduction efficiency and a large capacity for transgene insertion into their DNA. However, the high expression efficiency of transgenes delivered using adenoviral vectors is transient because the transgenes are not integrated into the host genome by these vectors [46,47]. However, adenoviral vectors have been reported to deliver transgenes to the peritoneal membrane with high efficiency in peritoneal fibrosis rodent models, and intraperitoneal administration of adenoviral vectors expressing the angiogenesis inhibitor, angiostatin, inhibited peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting angiogenesis in rodent models [34,35].…”