Adenovirus load correlates with respiratory disease severity among hospitalized pediatric patients

Abstract

Objectives: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens that can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal and other infections. We investigated the correlation between adenovirus viral load in clinical respiratory samples and the respiratory disease severity in pediatric patients. Methods: Medical records of patients hospitalized in the Sheba Medical Center (SMC) with confirmed adenovirus infection were retrospectively analyzed. The possible correlation between disease severity score and Real time PCR 'cycle threshold' (Ct), a proxy of viral load, was assessed in patients aged 9 years and under. In addition, Ct values of hospitalized versus community-care patient samples, positive for various respiratory viruses including adenovirus, were compared. Results: Adenovirus load in respiratory samples, as measured by Ct values, was found to be negatively correlated with respiratory disease severity in hospitalized pediatric patients aged under 9 years. Moreover, hospitalized patients presented with significantly higher Ct levels for various respiratory viruses as compared to community-care patients. Conclusion:In this study we found a correlation between Ct values obtained from adenovirus q-PCR analysis of respiratory clinical samples and disease severity in patients aged 9 years and under. Such finding may serve as a predictor of respiratory disease course in pediatric patients and will be beneficial for the differential diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients.

Molecular typing of human adenoviruses among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in a tertiary Hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2017 and 2019

“…In this study, the overall positive rate of HAdV was 2.4%, which is consistent with the positive rate (2.0–6.1%) found in hospitalized patients with acute viral respiratory infection in recent reports in China, Israel, and Switzerland [ 3 , 17 – 20 ]. However, two previous studies conducted in the Northern part of China showed a higher HAdV prevalence (10.4–20.1%) than our study [ 21 , 22 ].…”

“…HAdVs are considered one of the major causes of acute respiratory diseases in children and adults worldwide [ 6 , 23 , 24 ]. HAdVs are more prevalent in young children and responsible for approximately 2–10% of pediatric RTIs annually [ 20 , 22 ]. Our findings are consistent with such worldwide observations in that we found 96% (95 of 99) of the study’s HAdV-positive patients to be less than ten years of age.…”

Approach to Identifying Causative Pathogens of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children Using Culture, Molecular, and Serology Tests

“…However, some viruses normally detected in healthy children or that have prolonged/intermittent shedding (innocent bystanders), including RV (63), AdV (64), hBoV (65), non-SARS hCoV (13), and EV (66), merit additional justification. To avoid attributing disease to innocent bystanders, we consider only those with high viral load (Ct value < 24) as true pathogens (18,67).…”

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

“…The adenoviruses for example, with average size of 0.08 μm, typically cause infections in respiratory tract, gastroenteritis and conjunctivitis ( Goikhman et al., 2020 ); the MS-2 bacteriophage, on the other hand, with an average size of 0.03 μm, is an indicator for human enteric virus, which demonstrates notable resistance to photo-catalytic disinfection ( Cho et al., 2011 ). Both adenoviruses and the bacteriophage represent 4.1% of the reports related with their inactivation by photo-assisted EAOPs ( Fig.…”